Page 430 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

Cellular Responses, 154
VetBooks.ir Plasma Cells, 154

Memory B Cells, 154

Germinal Centers, 156

B Cell Subpopulations, 157

Myelomas, 157

Polyclonal Gammopathies, 159

Hybridomas, 159

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
• Briefly describe the origins and life history of B cells.
• Describe the basic structure of a B cell antigen receptor (BCR).

• Explain how BCRs are shed into body fluids to form immunoglobulins or
antibodies.

• Understand that an optimal B cell response normally requires additional
stimulation by helper T cells.
• Describe how helper T cells stimulate B cells through an immunologic synapse.
• Explain how B cells also require co-stimulation by cytokines.

• Understand how responding B cells may become either memory cells or
antibody-secreting plasma cells.

• Identify plasma cells by their characteristic morphology.
• Explain how somatic mutation within germinal centers results in a progressive
increase in antibody affinity.
• Explain how B cells may also act as antigen-presenting cells.

• Describe how cancerous plasma cells (myeloma cells), produce large quantities
of very pure immunoglobulin.

• List the signals required for B cell activation.
• Define light chain, heavy chain, hypervariable region, germinal center, myeloma,
somatic mutation, affinity selection, hybridomas, and monoclonal antibody.

• Describe how hybridomas and monoclonal antibodies may be produced.

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