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3.3 Survival Behaviours ‘Lost’ in Captivity 37

VetBooks.ir being moved from one habitat to another, that in our review, and indeed other reviews
of reintroduction attempts (e.g. Moseby et al.
where learned behaviours gained in the
original habitat may not necessarily corre-
tant factor influencing the success or failure
spond to the behaviours required for sur- 2011; Reading et al. 2013), the most impor-
vival in the new habitat; and studies which of reintroduction programmes is the exhibi-
either directly demonstrated or formed a tion of antipredator behaviour (Figure 3.2).
strong conclusion regarding the causes of Recognition of predators’ visual and sensory
reintroduction success and/or failure. The cues and appropriate responses such as
main factors affecting the 116 reintroduc- fleeing or increasing vigilance time have
tion studies, which met our criteria are been shown to be affected by time in captiv-
illustrated in Figure 3.2. We have provided ity and influence the success of reintroduc-
a discussion of these main factors, along tions. For example during a study, captive
with a case study, to better understand how peccaries (Pecari tajacu) did not respond to
learning within zoos is essential for the long either canine or feline predator models by
term survival of animals if reintroduced; fleeing or showing threat displays, so would
and likely results in animals which are bet- require periods of antipredator training
ter representatives of their wild counter- should they be fit for reintroductions (de
parts in zoo education. Faria et al. 2018).
What appear to be small differences in
activity budgets, may belie larger issues; in
3.3 Survival Behaviours this context small differences in grey par-
‘Lost’ in Captivity tridge (Perdix perdix) behaviour appear to
affect antipredator behaviour. In order to
3.3.1 Antipredator Behaviour assess whether released grey partridges dis-
played appropriate survival behaviours,
‘Antipredator behaviour can be viewed as Rantanen et al. (2010) conducted a two year
falling along a continuum of innateness. At experiment in Gloucestershire, UK, during
one extreme some defence behaviours are 2006–2007. The study birds originated from
expressed fully on first encounter. Most other a game farm where they had been bred in
antipredator behaviours to some extent captivity for seven generations, before being
depend on experience’ (Griffin et al. 2000, released at four different sites on arable
p. 1320). With this in mind it is unsurprising farms. Each covey (family group) consisted

Wild/Captive
Anthropogenic
Breeding/Rearing
Personality
General
Locomotion
Feeding/Forgaing
Social
Habitat
Antipredator
0 5 10 15 20 25
Number of published articles
Figure 3.2 Factors affecting either success or failure of reintroduction attempts from the years 2005 to 2018.
Source: reproduced with permission of the authors.