Page 92 - Poultry-Punch April 2020 edition

POULTRY PUNCH ARTICLE

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN

POULTRY

Anupam Soni , Sharad Mishra , M.D. Bobade , Aayush Yadav , S.K. Yadav4 and Roshni Hirwani 5*
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College of Veterinary Science and A.H., CGKV, Anjora, Durg (C.G.)-491001 India
Corresponding author Email id – Hirwani.roshani@gmil.com vetanupam456@gmail.com

„ Introduction of applying pressure on the abdomen
Artificial Insemination (AI) is The first time A.I. along with evertion of vaginal orifice. The
biotechnological procedure is very procedure is called by different names as
common in farm animals and also used in dog by crackling, venting or everting the hen. With
poultry breeding programmes. It most Spallanzani and the aid of straws or syringes semen (80-
widely used in dairy cattle, horses, pig 100 million spermatozoa) is deposited in
and poultry. It main aim to transfer Bonnet in 1784 and the vaginal orifice (to the depth of 2-4 cm
the desirable character from male to this technique was or as close as possible to the sperm storage
many progeny (Cooper, 1977; Rutz and tubules). The depth of insemination
Xavier, 1998; Foote, 2002; Gee et al., first successfully used actually depends upon the species of the
2004; Blanco et al., 2009; Dhama et al., in birds by Ivanov bird and length of vagina. Usually, AI is
2007; Bakst and Long, 2010). A.I also carried out in the late afternoon (Brillard
improves the reproductive efficiency of in 1907 produced and Bakst, 1990) because at this time the
poultry. The first time A.I. used in dog by fertile chicken incidence of the hard-shelled eggs in the
Spallanzani and Bonnet in 1784 and this uterus of the hens is rare.
technique was first successfully used in eggs using semen Methods of semen collection: In
birds by Ivanov in 1907 produced fertile recovered from the different birds the anatomical variation in
chicken eggs using semen recovered from the phallic region primarily leads to the
the vas deferens of cock. An intravaginal vas deferens of cock. variation in semen collection techniques.
insemination technique was first used An intravaginal In order to have a good AI programme the
by Quinn and Burrows, 1936. Thereafter, first step should be to have a good quantity
with the support of recent advances in insemination of semen from a good donor bird. It is
science and technology AI is playing a technique was first necessary to develop a simple as well as
major role in up gradation of the poultry effective method of collection of semen as
production in many countries (Surai and used by Quinn and well as insemination for making use of the
Wishart, 1996; Rutz and Xavier, 1998; Burrows, 1936. potential role of birds in poultry research
Dhama et al., 2007). The AI technique as well as production (Burrows and Quinn,
in poultry shows better fertility than Thereafter, with the 1937; Chelmonska et al., 2008). To achieve
natural mating and also boost up the rate support of recent this, semen should be collected from the
of genetic improvement by increasing donor birds in such a way that the required
selection differential, wherein one highly advances in science amount is obtained without environmental
selected sire is mated with thousands and technology AI is contamination. Three or four times milking
of females (Chaudhury, 1996; Gill et al., of the male birds should be done in order to
1999; Gee et al., 2004; Dhama et al., playing a major role check quantity as well as colour of semen.
2007). This technique is most extensively in up gradation of the Preservation of semen becomes useless
used in commercial turkeys. in cases if there is refusal in production
Artificial insemination technique: poultry production in of semen by the male birds 10 days after
Most widely used of AI in poultry was many countries. handling or if there is discolouration of the
practiced by Quinn and Burrows (1936). semen which is normally white (Gee and
The technique involves combined action Sexton, 1990; Tselutin et al., 1995). Unlike

92 April, 2020