Page 103 - Mike Ratner CC - WISR Complete Dissertation - v6

• And a drumbeat of stories out of Europe covered how governments are attempting to curb

fake news and hate speech but struggling to reconcile their concerns with sweeping free

speech rules that apply in America. (PEW)

This emergence and growth of fake news, hate speech, trolling and bullying online has

resulted in some observers describing as the mushrooming of expressed misery and wanes a

growing social disaster reflective of divided communities full of social tensions instead of

communities with integrated functions and inter-social groups. This furthers ignorance, displaces

blame on immigrants and further retreat escapism into entertainment doesn’t help solve critical

social issues but instead results in a further spiral of negative impacts such as to how changes in

our environment through consumption of food, energy, water, and land affect the land and

increases impacts of toxicity. And in turn, the polluted urban environment affects the health and

quality of life of urban populations, induces the feminization of poverty, social tensions and

environmental burdens with tremendous consequences for human health and economy (Carleton,

& Hsiang, 2016) recognized an unequivocal link among poverty, unemployment and social

disintegration and between security and the rising gap between rich and poor, and because ‘we’

express concern but don’t talk about it experts have warned that in order to reduce social tensions,

create real social, economic stability and security it must address global climate issues including

inequalities within and among countries and invest in sustainable social development now.

Gunderson (2000) and Young (1990) have asserted that the purpose of public deliberation

and dialogue is learning and acquiring new knowledge from fellow participants. Young, who

viewed democracy as a condition of social justice, examined the culture and individual plurality

found in urban areas, and the construction of political egalitarianism in diverse environments,

noting that a requirement of justice is participation in public discussion and “processes of

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