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Other  roles  include  a  time  keeper  so  members  don’t  dominate  the  conversation  and

               everyone gets a chance to speak, someone may also have the responsibility to take spoken notes


               or act as a secretary. Roles can be defined as a tendency to behave, contribute and interrelate with

               others in a particular way and sometimes can be identified with initiative or a person’s type or


               temperament.


                       Role  differentiation  is  the  degree  to  which  different  group  members  have  specialized


               functions. A group with a high level of role differentiation would be categorized as having many


               different roles that are specialized and narrowly defined. (Forsyth, 2009) A key role in a group is

               the leader, but there are other important roles as well, including task roles, relationship roles, and

               individual roles. (Forsyth, 2009) Functional (task) roles are generally defined in relation to the

               tasks the team is expected to perform. Individuals engaged in task roles focus on the goals of the


               group and on enabling the work that members do; examples of task roles include coordinator,


               recorder, critic, or technician. (Forsyth, 2009) A group member engaged in a relationship role (or

               socioemotional  role)  is  focused  on  maintaining  the  interpersonal  and  emotional  needs  of  the

               groups' members; examples of relationship role include encourager, harmonizer, or compromiser.



               (Forsyth, 2009)

                       Norms are the informal rules that groups adopt to regulate members' behavior. Norms refer


               to  what  should  be  done  and  represent  value  judgments  about  appropriate  behavior  in  social

               situations. Although they are infrequently written down or even discussed, norms have powerful


               influence on group behavior. (Hahn, 2010) They are a fundamental aspect of group structure as

               they provide direction and motivation and organize the social interactions of members. (Forsyth,


               2009)





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