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Fuel 200 (2017) 521–528


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                                                           Fuel



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          Full Length Article
          Viscosity measurement and prediction of gasified and synthesized coal
          slag melts

                                  a
          Arman a,b , Arata Tsuruda , Lukmanul Hakim Arma  a,c , Hiromichi Takebe  a,⇑
          a
          Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
          b Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Tamalanrea, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia
          c
          Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Tamalanrea, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia

          highl i ghts                    graphical a bstrac t
           Viscosity of gasified and synthesized
          coal slag melts was measured in air.
           Composition dependence of viscosity
          was studied.
           Additions of Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 exhibit
          different effects on viscosity.
           A composition parameter was
           proposed based on measured
           viscosity of slag melts.







          article     i nfo               abstract
          Article history:                The viscosity of gasified and synthesized coal slag melts for homogeneous liquid state was measured in
          Received 8 June 2016            air by rotation cylinder method with the viscosity range of 0.2–15 Pa s in the temperature range
          Received in revised form 25 March 2017
                                          1300–1650 °C. The viscosity decreased monotonically with increasing temperature for all samples. The
          Accepted 30 March 2017          viscosity of AD slag melt with relatively-high Fe 2 O 3 ( 8 mol%) and low SiO 2 ( 40 mol%) contents rapidly
          Available online 10 April 2017
                                          increased with decreasing temperature from 2 Pa s at 1350 °Cto  10 Pa s at 1300 °C presumably due to
                                          crystallization. The viscosity of gasified coal slag melts increased with increasing contents of Al 2 O 3 and
          Keywords:                       SiO 2 and decreased with increasing contents of CaO, MgO, FeO, and Fe 2 O 3 . The roles of these main
          IGCC
          Viscosity                       components on melt viscosity are classified into network former (NWF) and modifier (NWM). Two types
          Melts                           of amphoteric oxides: Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 play different respective roles of NWF and NWM on viscosity for
          Coal slag                       gasified and synthesized slag melts in CaO–MgO–Al 2 O 3 –FeO–Fe 2 O 3 –SiO 2 system. A parameter relating
          Composition                     to the total contents of NWF and NWM is proposed to predict the viscosity of slag melts at high
          Amphoteric oxide                temperatures from chemical composition.
                                                                                      Ó 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.



          1. Introduction                                      Development Organization (NEDO), Japan has been designed to
                                                               produce electricity with CO 2 capture [1,2]. The organic compounds
            The Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) of the Central  of coals are converted to synthesis gas while the inorganic
          Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) commis-  compounds become coal ash during the gasification process. The
          sioned in a project of New Energy and Industrial Technology  slag melt due to the coal mineral matters is discharged through a
                                                               hole under the entrained-gasifier by quenching into water as a
                                                               gasified coal slag [3,4]. Viscosity is one of the key properties to
          ⇑ Corresponding author.
                                                               determine the flow behavior of slag melts [5].
            E-mail address: takebe.hiromichi.mk@ehime-u.ac.jp (H. Takebe).
          http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.03.094
          0016-2361/Ó 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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