Page 424 - شرور شركات الأدوية

‫ﴍور ﴍﻛﺎت اﻷدوﻳﺔ‬

‫ ﺗﺠﺎرب أﻛﱪ وأﺑﺴﻂ‬:‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬

(1) Staa T-P v., Goldacre B, Gulliford M, Cassell J, Pirmohamed
M, Taweel A, et al. Pragmatic randomised trials using routine electronic
health records: putting them to the test. BMJ. 2012 Feb 7;344(feb07 1):e55-
e55.

(2) Edwards P, Arango M, Balica L, Cottingham R, El-Sayed H, Farrell B,
et al. Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial
of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury-outcomes at 6
months. Lancet. 2005 Jun 4;365(9475):1957–9.

(3) Dresden GM, Levitt MA. Modifying a Standard Industry Clinical Trial
Consent Form Improves Patient Information Retention as Part of the In-
formed Consent Process. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2001;8(3):246–
52.

‫ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬:‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس‬

(1) Alper BS, Hand JA, Elliott SG, Kinkade S, Hauan MJ, Onion DK, et
al. How much effort is needed to keep up with the literature relevant for
primary care? J Med Libr Assoc 2004;92:429–37.

(2) Moon JC, Flett AS, Godman BB, Grosso AM, Wierzbicki AS. Get-
ting better value from the NHS drug budget. BMJ. 2010 Dec 17;341(dec17
1):c6449-c6449.

(3) Marketing spend is a contested area, as the industry is keen to play
it down. I recommend the following paper as it’s open access and offers
a summary figure, methods from which it was derived, and a critical dis-
cussion of other estimates: Gagnon M-A, Lexchin J. The Cost of Pushing
Pills: A New Estimate of Pharmaceutical Promotion Expenditures in the
United States. PLoS Med. 2008 Jan 3;5(1):e1.

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