Page 32 - ABCTE Study Guide_Neat

Independent Level 97% to 100%

Instructional Level 90% to 96%

Frustration Level <90%

How Can I Assess Students’ Fluency?

Obviously, the student must read aloud from an appropriate, grade-level text in order for the teacher
to assess fluency. There are leveled texts with numbered lines and word counts that are provided
specifically for assessing fluency. As the student reads for one minute, the teacher follows along on
his or her copy of the passage and marks misspoken words, skipped words, self-corrected words,
etc., with a slash (/) over such errors. An example of such a leveled text—one that is appropriate for
you and me—lies below. Just for fun, read the passage for one minute. Be honest with yourself and
write a slash over misread words.

Kennedy was aware of Stevenson’s likely advice concerning the Bay of 12
Pigs

invasion plan; he was also aware of Stevenson’s political clout. 23
Recognizing

the danger these two factors would have posed to the life of the plan, 37

Kennedy chose not to invite this experienced decision maker to the secret 49

meetings. Kennedy neglected to assemble all of those in his 60
administration

whose opinions would have been relevant to any major foreign policy 72
decision.

For the Bay of Pigs meetings, he practiced a selective form of neglect that 86

excluded mainly those whom he knew would oppose the plan. If Kennedy 99
was

able to gain an easy consensus with the policy group, it was because he 114
had

chosen amenable advisors. 117

Even those who privately opposed the plan surrendered their opinions in 128

deference to Kennedy. In addition to those already discussed, one such 139

obedient advisor was Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. As the president’s special 150