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The Controversy of 1908.
   risks, and these no other single company acting prudently would
   undertake."  A joint committee of inquiry of the Scottish and
   English Wholesale Societies and the C.I.S. was agreed upon, and in
   December the different proposals from the societies were adjourned
   at the Committee's request until March,  1908.  Then, however,
   they reappeared, reinforced by similar resolutions from 68 other
   societies, great and small.
      As a result of the negotiations with the C.I.S. the Committee
   already had become convinced that the proposals for joint working,
   beyond which the Insurance Society never would move, were
   unsatisfactory, and that an absorption was the only real way forward.
   Now, hopeful of this view prevailing in the conferences, they secured
   in March a further adjournment of the quarterly meeting resolutions.
   Meanwhile  the  agitation  continued.  A special committee was
   elected by the forward societies from north to south, and there were
   further conferences and  reaffirming  resolutions.  No system  of
   election upon  the ground  of adherence  to  this  or that  rival
   principle as yet has developed in regard to candidates for the C.W.S.
   directorate, but in the North a test question was now framed to
   elicit each man's attitude toward insurance.  On the side of the
   Insurance Society a conservative attitude was maintained.  " The
   strength of the movement against the existing state of affairs," wrote
   Mr. Odgers {Co-operative News, March 21st, 1908), "is a manufactured
   thing, having for its object the substitution of a reckless future
   policy for the safe and progressive policy of the past."  " With the
   exception  of taking  all risks in  fire insurance, which they had
   declared as being unsafe and gambUng," reiterated Mr. T. Wood,
   the chairman of the Insurance Society, at the C.W.S. Quarterly
   Meeting of June 21st, 1908,  "  they were prepared to take the whole
   insurance of the co-operative movement, in connection with  life,
   industrial, and everything else."  The defence was so far successful
   that at this June meeting, although Mr. Tweddell, the vice-chairman
   of the C.W.S., again was the protagonist of an advanced pohcy,
   the Sunderland motion for a C.W.S. general insurance department
   was defeated.  It was lost by 859 votes to 1,154, despite the fact of
   the proposals of the Northern group (now endorsed by over one
   hundred societies) being withdrawn in its favour. A motion by the
   Insurance Society itself, however, recommending a legal partnership
   between the Enghsh and Scottish Societies and the C.I.S., suffered
   so badly that it also was withdrawn, and the Insurance Society's
   support given to a Warrington and Manchester and Salford proposal
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