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2. Fungsi Telinga Tengah ................................................................................................. 153
a. Membran Timpani (Gendang Telinga)..................................................................... 154
b. Tulang Pendengaran (Osikel) .................................................................................. 155
c. Jendela Oval dan Jendela Bundar ........................................................................... 156
d. Tensor Timpani ....................................................................................................... 157
e. Stapedius ................................................................................................................ 157
f. Tuba Eustachius (Tabung Eustachius) .................................................................... 158
3. Fungsi Koklea dan Reseptor Pendengaran .................................................................. 159
C. ELEKTROFISIOLOGI NERVUS AKUSTIKUS ..................................................................... 163
1. Mekanisme Pendengaran ............................................................................................ 163
2. Jalur Persarafan Pendengaran (Elektrofisiologi Nervus Akustikus)............................. 168
D. FUNGSI CANALIS SEMISIRKULARIS DAN KONTROL KESEIMBANGAN......................... 171
1. Organ Otolith: Sakulus dan Utrikulus............................................................................ 173
2. Saluran Setengah Lingkaran (Canalis Semisirkularis).................................................. 174
3. Mekanisme Keseimbangan.......................................................................................... 175
E. KHAZANAH KEMARITIMAN.............................................................................................. 178
FISIOLOGI RESPIRASI .................................................................................................................. 181
A. MINDMAP ........................................................................................................................ 181
B. STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI SISTEM RESPIRASI .................................................................. 182
1. Hidung dan Rongga Nasal............................................................................................ 183
2. Faring ........................................................................................................................... 184
3. Laring ........................................................................................................................... 185
4. Trakea .......................................................................................................................... 189
5. Paru-paru...................................................................................................................... 190
6. Bronkus dan Bronkiolus ............................................................................................... 192
7. Alveolus ....................................................................................................................... 193
8. Otot Pernapasan .......................................................................................................... 195
C. MEKANIKA VENTILASI...................................................................................................... 196
1. Tekanan Udara dalam Ventilasi Paru ........................................................................... 196
2. Volume dan Kapasitas Paru ......................................................................................... 197
D. DIFUSI PARU-VASKULAR (PERTUKARAN GAS) ................................................................ 200
E. PERANAN SURFAKTAN .................................................................................................... 207
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