Page 206 - IGC BOOK

7.1 Forms of, Classification of and Health Risks from Hazardous Substances

Introduction to Health Risks from Hazardous Substances

Exposure to chemical and biological health hazards can cause an immediate health risk (e.g.
asphyxiation from carbon monoxide (CO) gas) or even physical injury (e.g. corrosive skin burn
from sulphuric acid). Less obviously, exposure can also have long-term health effects, which may
build gradually over time (e.g. lead poisoning) and, in some instances, will not be apparent until
years after the exposure that caused them (e.g. lung cancer caused by asbestos). The forms and
classification of chemicals and biological agents that cause these short-term and long-term health
effects are detailed in this section.

Forms of Chemical Agents

Chemical

Variety of chemicals is used in the workplace, as you are aware it possesses many health hazards
the humans. E.g. Floor cleaning liquid. We also need to consider the work or work processes that
generate chemical agents; floor polishing activity creates silica dust. The same chemical may be
found in different form as well as vary from hazard based on its physical form.

A granite stone is less hazardous than the granite dust generated during polish.

Solids

Dust consists of fine particles of solid matters generated during work e.g. handling cement in a
construction work; dust can get in to air and settle on the surfaces.
Fibres

Fibre is a natural or synthetic substance, often used in the manufacture of other materials. E.g.
Natural Fibre – Asbestos, Wood fibre, and man-made nylon, polyester fibres. Exposure to both
natural and man-made fibres is harmful.
Fumes

Fumes are very fine solid particles present in the form of gas. Fumes are formed when metal is
heated above its boiling point and its vapour condenses into fine particles. For e.g. welding fumes
contains particles of electrode and the metal being welded. These fumes are highly toxic when
inhaled.

ENSIGN| Unit IG2 – Element 7 – Chemical and Biological 1
Agents