Page 91 - Oxford_Grammar_for_Schools_4_SB_Neat 1

Must, hove to, should, needn,t

I can use must, have to, needn't and should for obligation, necessity and advice.

Must, have to

No, you doiA>'t. B.ut you
should brush your hair. There is no past or future form of must. We use had to
and will have to.
Avÿd you VH,usfc clefli
I had to go to the dentist's yesterday.
your shoes!
I musted go to the dentist's,
I think you,ll have to work harder in future.

In the affirmative and in questions, we use must and
have to in a similar way.

We generally use have to if there is an 'external'
reason or if someone else tells us to do something.
You have to read this book because it is on the exam
syllabus.
If the speaker or writer thinks something is
important, but there isn't an external reason, we
generally use must.
You must read this book. It's not on the exam syllabus
but it's very interesting. (The speaker thinks it is
When we talk about necessity or obligation, we use
important.)
must and have to.
You must answer all the questions. We use must in written rules (because the writer
We have to leave in five minutes. thinks it is important).
You must wear the correct kit for all sports lessons.
In questions, we normally use have to, not must.
Do I have to I wear a tie?' 'Yes, you do.' The negatives (mustn't and don't have to) have
'
Does he have to study French? different meanings. See page 91.

si o 16.1 Listen to the teacher talking to John's Complete the questions or sentences with one O

dad. Write the teacher's instructions. word.
ÿ He m,wst arrive on time. O ÿ Do I have to go to bed now?
1 all his books and pens.
1 You_use a pen not a pencil.
2 the teacher.
2 _I have to read this book? It's boring.
3 talking to his friends.
_finish your homework before you
4 his mobile phone. 3 You_
5 more homework. watch TV.
6 for tests. 4 My dad _ to work on Saturdays.
5 She_ to get up early yesterday.
%2 Imagine you are John. Write sentences
6 You study harder, so you can get into
using have to.
university.
ÿ I have to arrive oía-
_ we _to walk to school? It's raining.
8 'I can't drive Max to school tomorrow.'
2
' He,ll_to take the bus.'
3
4 9 Passengers for London_change trains at
5 Oxford.
6 10 you have to study English when you were
young?
Unit 16 89