Page 78 - Phytochemistry -1 (PG404) / Clinical Pharmacy 2nd level students ( 2019 )

Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

a pale yellow color in the alcoholic layer indicates the presence of free

flavonoid aglycones.

c- Shake 10 ml of the filtrate with amyl alcohol to remove free flavonoid

aglycones. Boil the aqueous layer with 10 ml of hydrochloric acid for

two minutes, cool and divide the acidic solution into tow portions

i- Shake the first portion with amyl alcohol; the formation of a

yellow color indicates the presence of combined flavonoids.

ii- To the second portion, add magnesium turning, the formation of a

red color indicates the presence of flavanone and flavonol

compounds.

6. Test for saponins

a. Boil about 2 g of powdered drug with 8 ml of distilled water, filter and

shake vigorously, the occurrence of a persistent voluminous froth
indicates the presence of saponins.

b. Extract 1 g of powdered drug with 10 ml of hot 95% ethyl alcohol.
Evaporate the alcohol at low temperature and dissolve the residue in

10 ml' of normal saline. Add 1 ml of normal saline to 10 ml of a
suspension of red blood corpuscles in normal saline (1:40), the

occurrence of hemolysis indicates the presence of saponins.

7. Test for unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes

Extract about 1 g of powdered drug with few ml of 95% ethyl alcohol,

filter and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 10 ml of anhydrous

chloroform (treated with desiccated sodium sulfate) and filter. Divide the

filtrate into two equal portions and test as follows

a. Liebermann-Burchard's test:

To the chloroform solution, add I ml of acetic anhydride followed by the

addition of sulfuric acid down the walls of the test tube to form a layer,

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