Page 8 - Phytochemistry -1 (PG404) / Clinical Pharmacy 2nd level students ( 2019 )

Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

Monosaccharides

A. Classification

I. According to function group

Aldoses: Monosaccharides with aldehyde group . e.g : glucose &
xylose

ketoses : those containing a ketone group . e.g : Fructose

Their derivatives:

Alcohols e.g: Sorbitol

Acids e.g: uronic acid (glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid)

Amines e.g: glucosamine

Ethers e.g: glycosides

II. According to number of oxygen - bearing carbon atoms

Bioses, trioses, pentoses, hexoses and heptoses containing 2, 3, 5,6, 7
oxygen carbon atoms, Pentoses and hexoses are the most common.

Pentoses: e.g: xylose (Wood sugar), e.g Branched pentose: Apiose

Hexoses: e.g: glucose (Dextrose, Grape sugar)

Derivatives of hexoses: e.g: Deoxy sugar

Deoxy sugar: Present in cardiac glycosides in which 1 oxygen atom is
removed from carbon no. 2 or no. 6 to obtain 2-deoxy sugar or 6-deoxy

sugar or 2,6 deoxy sugar e.g: 2,6-deoxy sugar: Digitoxose C₆H₁₂O₄

e.g: 6-deoxy sugar= Methyl pentose: rhamnose C₆H₁₂O₅

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