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Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

• A non-caloric artificial sweetener approved by the FDA in 1998.

• The glucose in sucrose is replaced by a galactose, and 3 of the OH groups are

replaced by Cl atoms.

• The molecule still tastes sweet, but is not metabolized in the body.

Uses:

3
As sweeting agent. It is about 2x10 times sweeter than sucrose itself.

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides or glycans are defined as polymers of monosaccharide

(and their derivatives) containing more than 10 units. However, most

polysaccharides contain more than 10 units and may have several thousand

glycosidically jointed monosaccharide units (and/or derivatives). Carbohydrate

units are connected in one continuous chain or the chain can be branched. They

serve as:

1) Energy source = Nutrient (or digestible) polysaccharides, i.e., reserve food

materials (e.g., starch, inulin).

2) Structural or indigestible units. These serve as rigid mechanical structures

i.e. skeletal materials or supporting tissues (e.g., Cellulose, pectin, chitin).

Some others serve both functions (e.g., mannan).

General Physical and Chemical Characters:

Item Energy source Structural units

1) Structure Branched chain Straight chain

2) Reaction with water Easily dispersed Slightly soluble or insol.

3) Type of colloid Hydrophilic --

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