Page 24 - Practical handout Lev 1-Pharm D- 2024-2025-with spec

Pharm D Level 1 Medicinal plants (PG 101)

Ergastic substances
(cell inclusions) (cell contents)

-The materials present in the vacuoles are known as ergastic.

-Ergatic substances occur in the vacuoles and in the cell wall

They are of two types:-
(1) Food-storage products (carbohydrates, proteins, fixed oils, and fats).

(2) Waste products (they are excretion of plant cells formed as a result of metabolic
activities of protoplasm, i.e., by-products of metabolism).

1-Food-storage products

a- Carbohydrates (Cellulose and Starch)
-Cellulose is the main constituent of the cell wall.
- Starch occurs as reserved materials in the protoplast
- Both are formed of long chain polymer of glucose units.

-Starch is found in the form of granules of various shapes , used for its identification.
- Acid hydrolysis of starch :-gives glucose units
- Enzymatic hydrolysis :-by β-amylase enzyme gives maltose ( 2 glucose units)

Maize Starch ةرذلا اشن Potato Starch سطاطبلا اشن

Character:- Characters:
1- Rectangular in shape & rounded angles 1-. Oval in shape
2- Centric and Cleft or fissured hilum 2- Eccentric , Dot hilum.
3- No striation 3- Striation present

9