Page 113 - Deep Learning

96 Creativity

Problem
representation;
Working memory
a.k.a. search state

Links for
feedback
propagation Additional
layers, not
shown

Processing
units

Feature
detectors;
a.k.a. sense
data

Objective reality
Figure 4.2. The layered structure of problem perception and discourse comprehension.

exact nature and detail of this feedback mechanism is less important than its
existence. Figure 4.2 illustrates how the various components are connected.
In daily life, the information in ambient light is rich enough that the visual
system can rapidly resolve the conflicts between alternative interpretations of
a visual scene. We remain unaware that choices are made. But the constructive
nature of perception is revealed by displays that fool the visual system into
inaccurate representations or prevent it from making a single, stable choice.
Visual displays of this sort include illusions like the Ames’ Room, a room
of odd proportions and shape that tricks the eye into seeing other people as
changing in size as they walk through it. Reversible figures like the Necker
22
Cube are atypical stimuli in that the visual system never resolves the conflict
between the two most plausible interpretations. These figures keep flipping
23
between the alternatives for as long as the person keeps looking. Illusions and
reversible figures are intriguing because they so clearly demonstrate the con-
structive nature of perception.