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36                   Edwin Cortes, Luis Rabelo and Gene Lee

                          Wall Clock Time (elapsed wall time in seconds) is a measure of the real time that
                       elapses from start to end, including time that passes due to programmed (artificial) delays
                       or waiting for resources to become available. In other words, it is the difference between
                       the time at which a simulation finishes and the time at which the simulation started. It is
                       given in seconds.
                          Speedup Rel (Speedup Relative) is

                                T(Wall Clock Time for 1 Node for that time synchronization scheme)
                                T(Wall Clock Time for Nodes used for that time synchronization scheme).

                          Speedup Theoretical is based on the Simulation Object with the longest processing
                       time. It is the maximum (approximated) Speedup expected using an excellent parallelized
                       scheme  (taking  advantage of the  programming  features,  computer configuration  of  the
                       system, and partitions of the problem).
                          PT (processing time) is the total CPU time required to process committed events, in
                       seconds. The processing time does not include the time required to process events that are
                       rolled back, nor does it include additional overheads such as event queue management
                       and messages.
                          Min  Committed  PT  per  Node  is  the  Minimum  Committed  Processing  Time  per
                       Node of the computing system configuration utilized.
                          Max Committed PT per Node is the Maximum  Committed Processing Time per
                       node of the computing system configuration utilized.
                          Mean Committed PT per Node is the Mean Committed Processing Time per node
                       of the Computing system configuration utilized.
                          Sigma is the standard deviation of the processing times of the different nodes utilized
                       in the experiment.

                          The  benchmark  for  the  different  time  management  and  synchronization  schemes
                       (TW, BTB, and BTW) is depicted in Figure 7. TW has the best result of 2.9 (close to the
                       theoretical speedup of 3.0). BTW and TW are very comparable. BTW does not perform
                       well  with  this  type  of  task  for  distributed  systems.  However,  BTW  has  better
                       performance with the utilization of multicore configurations (i.e., tightly coupled) for this
                       specific problem.
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