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2.3 Classification of anemia using CBC

Anemias may be further characterized as macrocytic, microcytic or normocytic
depending on CBC findings.

 Macrocytic anemia’s (larger than normal red cells) are recognized by an elevated
mean cell volume (MCV). Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency are the most

common causes of this type of anemia.
 Microcytic anemias (majority of red cells are smaller than normal) are recognised

by a low MCV. The principal cause of microcytic anemia is iron deficiency,

usually as a result of chronic blood loss. Thalassaemia minor is also a microcytic
anemia.

Normocytic anemias (the red cells are of normal size) have a normal MCV. Chronic

disease, bone marrow disorders and renal failure are the most common causes.
Approximately half of anemia’s seen in old people are normocytic

2.4 Common forms of anemia

a) Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) and

b) Thalassemia

a) Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

Iron-deficiency anemia usually develops over time if they bode doesn't have enough

iron to build healthy red blood cells. Without enough iron the body starts using the iron it
has stored. After used up, the fewer red blood cells. The redblood cells it does

make will also hemoglobin than normal.

Iron-deficiency anemia can cause fatigue (tiredness), shortness of breath, chest pain,

and other symptoms. Severe iron-deficiency anemia can lead to heart problems,

infections, problems with growth and development in children, and other complications.
People at highest risk for iron-deficiency anemia include infants and young ally have

internal bleeding.

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