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Liver Flukes 145
Fig. 12.7 Fasciola hepatica egg
Free-swimming Metacercariae
4a 4b 4c cercariae on water plant
Sporocysts Rediae Cercariae 5 encyst on ingested by human,
water plants
sheep, or cattle
i 6
in snail tissue
4
Snail
Excyst in
7
duodenum
3 7
Miracidia hatch, 8
penetrate snail
2
Embryonated eggs in water
d
i = Infective Stage 1 Unembryonated eggs 8
d = Diagnostic Stage passed in faeces Adults in hepatic
biliary ducts
Fig. 12.8 Life cycle of Fasciola hepatica (Reproduced from https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/fasciolia-
sis/index.html)
