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1. The search for truth involves eagerness to secure all available
evidence, accuracy and discrimination in the handling of that
evidence, and impartiality of viewpoint.
2. A scholar spares no pains to secure all significant information
bearing upon his problem; thoroughness is what he considers to be
an indispensable attribute of his work.
3. A scholar is also dominated by a passion for accuracy and an
anxiety to exercise the best possible discrimination in the handling
of data.
4. In the collection and presentation of evidence, a scholar takes great
care to insure exactness of observation or transcription, and to
require a firm foundation for every assertion.
5. A scholar particularly strives to avoid mistaking an opinion-above
all his own-for a fact, searching beneath each opinion to see upon
what basis, if any, it may rest.
6. When writing up his materials, a scholar is careful to offer his
readers sample proof that whatever he alleges to be a fact actually
is one.
7. By the display of primary material, or the frank reliance on
convincing authority, a scholar buttresses his conclusions with an
unbiased mind.
8. Finally, a scholar is impartial, and the clear objectiveness of his
viewpoint presents him from minimizing or distorting any pertinent
facts. His aim is never to prove something-the sign of the
propagandist-but to discover something, to find out something. In
his search for truth, he ignores or suppresses no fact, regardless of
how violently it may militate against a favorite hypothesis. Through
such eagerness for evidence, devotion to accuracy, and
impartiality, the scholar fulfills the dictates of the scientific spirit,
which should ever guide him in his work.

Sampling Theory

Method of Sampling
A. Probability sampling- a sampling procedure that assures each
population element is given a nonzero chance of selection.
1. Simple Random Sampling- each population element has an equal
chance of being selected into the sample. Applicable to
homogeneous population. Sample is chosen entirely through
chance within the segment or study area. The use of draws lots,
dice, cards, coins, or table of random numbers accomplishes
sampling.
Advantage: Easy to implement

Disadvantage: Requires a listing of the population elements

Uses larger sample size

Takes more time to implement