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Cinema

movements on the film set. Cinematograph had to create new advocates and popularisers was Warner Bros. Company, which
expressive means again meeting new technical opportunities. since 1926 had started the film production with the sound effects
New cinema professions, genres, and requirements to actors applying. The film “The Jazz Singer” made by the company in
emerged. The art component gave way to speaking and musical 1927 became the first feature with synchronic dialogues and
components. paved the way for the mass popularity of the sound cinema [4].
For mute film stars, impeccably mastered the language of In 1929, Warner Bros. Company released the first full-colour
mime and gestures, it was a serious trial. Marlene Dietrich’s films “On with the Show!” and “Gold Diggers of Broadway”
daughter Maria Riva wrote in her memoirs: “Her daily worries [4], thus opened a new page in the cinema development history.
have become a reality. She knew that guttural unpolished In the USSR, the first fiction colour film “Grunya Kornakova”
English that had worked for her in “The Blue Angel” would was shot in 1936 [5].
not suit her first American role, star role. A dream woman, The next new things that revolutionised the formal and
an enigmatic woman, whose creation von Sternberg and she content parts of the motion-picture process were the stereo
had been engaged in for several weeks in the studio portrait cinematograph development that is more familiar as 3D
gallery, had to have a received pronunciation. Long before the cinema and the mass usage of the digital technology. The
beginning of “Marocco” shooting, her face had already become first Soviet stereoscopic film became “Robinson Crusoe”
an ideal, a dream for all portrait photographers. Hundreds shot by Aleksander Andrievskiy in 1947 [6]. In the USA, the
of new Dietrich’s images of how von Sternberg had seen her first 3D feature is considered to be adventure drama “Bwana
were spread among the whole “Paramount”. It was for the first Devil” [7]. In 1953, Columbia Pictures released the stereo
time, when the magic face had talked and smashed the image film “Man in the Dark” [8], and Warner Bros. – “House of
enchantment with the only one sound [3].” Wax” [4] having been scored under the stereo technology that
With time, film creators had refused the synchronic became the beginning of the “Golden Age” for this format. The
recording of a sound for the benefit of a phonogram that gave rapidly increased popularity of the stereoscopic cinema in the
actors and cameramen more freedom and allowed to avoid 50-s tuned out not to be long-lasting, partly because of the
statics and action theatricality. It also let actors be recorded technology imperfection and partly because of the widescreen
with a new voiceover and let foreign films be doubled. A sound cinematograph development which appeared to be more
effects track had become a discovery in the sound cinema attractive for viewers, despite its two-dimensionality.
that entailed the need to set up an industry of the noise effect However, with the digital technology development in the
recording. cinema, the perfected 3D returned to the screens triumphally.
In spite of technical and content problems for next 20 years, The ordinary large-format cinema is being increasingly
the sound cinema had become a standard. One of its most active replaced by IMAX technology allowing the film demonstration

52 Arctic Art & Culture • №1 (3) • 2018 Arctic Art & Culture • №1 (3) • 2018 53