Page 5 - Bigyan Katha October 2020
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  A‡±vei 2020 5 Beb& wmbv: ga¨ cÖv‡P¨i
cÖev`cÖwZg wPwKrmvkv¯¿we`
    Rvwn` ‡nv‡mb Lvb
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aviYv Kiv nq ‡h Beb& wmbv wewfbœ wel‡q cÖvq 450wU eB wbeÜ iPbv K‡i‡Qb hvi g‡a¨ ‡KejgvÎ 240wU iPbv cvIqv ‡M‡Q|
Gi g‡a¨ 150wU wbeÜ `k©b wfwËK Ges 40wU wPwKrmv msμvšÍ| Zvui `yÕwU weL¨vZ iPbv nÕj wKZve Avj-wkdv
(wbivg‡qi Dcvq), GKwU wekvj `vk©wbK I ‰eÁvwbK wek¦‡Kvl; Ges wKZve Avj-Kvbyb dvB Avj-
wUeŸ (K¨vbb Ad ‡gwWwmb), hv wPwKrmvkv‡¯¿i BwZnv‡mi Ab¨Zg wfwË wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ|
Beb& wmbvi iPbvi Dcjä mg¯Í cvÐwy jwci Abwy jwc¸wj B¯Ív¤‡y^ ji m‡y jgwbq cvÛwy jwc
MšÖ ’vMv‡i iwÿZ Av‡Q, hvi K‡qKwU GKv`k kZvãxi| Beb& wmbvi iPbvi 600 cvÐwy jwci
g‡a¨ 263wU wewfbœ wk‡ivbvg h3y | GwU we‡ki¦ GKgvÎ MšÖ ’vMvi ‡hLv‡b Beb& wmbvi
Dcjä iPbv¸wji en„ Ëg msMnÖ i‡q‡Q| fvi‡Z, AvjxM‡oi ÔBeb& wmbv ga¨hMy xq
wPwKrmvkv¯¿ I weÁvb GKv‡WwgÕ‡Z gnvb wPwKrm‡Ki m¤§v‡b wewfbœ ‡`‡ki cKÖ vwkZ WvKwUwK‡Ui cvkvcvwk Beb& wmbvi cvÐwy jwci
Abwy jwc¸wjiI wekvj msMnÖ i‡q‡Q|
Beb& wmbv Zvui weÁv‡bi `k©b msμvšÍ MÖš’ wKZve Avj-wkdv iPbvi KvR ‡kl K‡ib 1020
Laxóv‡ã, GwU wPwKrmvkv‡¯¿i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq, AvZ¥vi AÁZv wbivgq Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ iwPZ| eBwU PviwU fv‡M
wef3: hyw3, cÖvK...wZK weÁvb, MwYZ (cvwUMwYZ, R¨vwgwZ, ‡R¨vwZwe©`¨v Ges msMx‡Zi GKwU PZyf©yR), Ges iƒcKwe`¨v|
eB‡qi GKwU wefv‡M Beb& wmbv Zvui wbR¯^ c×wZ‡Z cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g ‰eÁvwbK mZ¨ D‡b¥vP‡bi K_v eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
wKZve Avj-wkdv iPbvi cÖvq 150 eQi c‡i Øv`k kZvãx‡Z MÖš’wU Sufficientia wk‡ivbv‡g Gi jvwZb Abyev` mn BD‡iv‡c cÖKvwkZ nq| 1495 Ges 1500 mv‡j Beb& wmbvi mvZwU eB‡qi GKwU msKjb (Logica, Sufficiencia, De Coelo et Mundo, De Anima, De Animalibus, Intelligentia, Philosophia Prima) ‡fwb‡m A‡civ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj|
Beb& wmbv 1012 mv‡j K¨vw¯úqvb mvMi ‡_‡K cÖvq 30 wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i ‡RvR©‡b wKZve Avj-Kvbyb dvB Avj-wUeŸ eBwU wjL‡Z ïiæ
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 wfW-19-Gi cÖv`yf©v‡ei g‡a¨ AvR Beb& wmbv I wPwKrmvkv‡¯¿ we‡klZ msμvgK ‡iv‡Mi ‡ÿ‡Î
Zvui Ae`vb A‡bK ‡ewk cÖvmw1⁄2K n‡q D‡V‡Q| Beb& wmbvi cy‡iv bvg Avey Avjx Avj-û‡mb Beb& Ave`vjøvn
Beb& Avj-nvmvb Beb& Avj-Avjx Beb& wmbv, cvðv‡Z¨ Zvui cwiPq j¨vwUb fvlvq Awewmbv bv‡g | wZwb 980 Laxóv‡ã ‡evLvivi (eZ©gvb DR‡ewK¯Ívb) wbKUeZ©x Avdmvbvi GKwU MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1037 Laxóv‡ã nvg`v‡b (eZ©gvb Bivb) ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib |
wZwb wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg wewkó eûwe`¨vÁ Ges weÁv‡bi Bmjvgx ¯^Y©hy‡Mi GKRb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wPwKrmK Ges `vk©wbK| wewkó weÁvb-HwZnvwmK RR© mvU©b (1884–1956)
Zvui weÁv‡bi BwZnvm msμvšÍ eB Introduction
to the History of Science-G Beb& wmbv‡K Ògymwjg me©RbxbZvi Ab¨Zg cÖvYcyiæl Ges Bmjvgx wkÿvi GK wewkó e¨w3Z¡Ó wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i e‡j‡Qb ÒBwZnv‡mi me©‡kÖô wPšÍvwe` I wPwKrmvkv‡¯¿i cwÐZ‡`i GKRb wnmv‡e wZwb wPi¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡eb|Ó cvðv‡Z¨ Beb& wmbv GZUvB kÖ‡×q ‡h
Zvu‡K cÖvPxb MÖxK wPwKrmK M¨v‡j‡bi
mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i Bmjv‡gi M¨v‡jb ejv
nq| wPwKrmv ‡ÿ‡Î Beb& wmbvi Ae`v‡bi
Kvi‡Y Zvu‡K ÔAvaywbK wPwKrmvkv‡¯¿i
m~Pbvi RbKÕ ejv nq| Zvui nvRvi eQi
Av‡Mi ejv K_v¸wj AvRI cÖvmw1⁄2K|
we‡klZ, ‡KvwfW-19-Gi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Beb&
wmbvi wPwKrmvc×wZ, we‡kl K‡i msμgb
‡iv‡ai ‡ÿ‡Î ‡Kvqviv›UvBb c×wZ‡Z fvBivmRwbZ msμgY ‡gvKv‡ejv Kivi Dc‡hvMxZv Avgv‡`i Zvui cÖwZ we‡kl AvMÖnx K‡i Zy‡j‡Q|
Beb& wmbvi cÖv_wgK wkÿv ïiæ nq eyLvivq| Zvui
evev mvgvbx` mvgav‡R¨i GKRb Mfb©i wQ‡jb hvi ivRavbx
wQj ‡Lvivmvb| Gi d‡j wZwb ‡QvU‡ejv ‡_‡KB weÁvb I Bmjvgx ag©Z‡Ë¡i weL¨vZ cwÛZ‡`i Kv‡Q Aa¨q‡bi my‡hvM ‡c‡qwQ‡jb| Beb& wmbv wkïKvj ‡_‡KB AZ¨šÍ eyw×gvb wQ‡jb Ges gvÎ `k eQi eq‡mB wZwb cy‡iv ‡KvivY gyL¯’ ej‡Z cvi‡Zb| ‡lvj eQi eq‡m wZwb cÖ_g ‡ivMxi wPwKrmv K‡ib Ges eyLvivi myjZvb b~n Beb& gbmy‡ii Ggb GK Amy¯’Zvi wPwKrmv K‡ib hvi Rb¨ ZrKvjxb mg¯Í bvgx`vgx wPwKrmKivI Avkv ‡Q‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb| G‡Z Zvui L¨vwZ `ÖæZ Qwo‡q c‡i| cyi®‹vi wnmv‡e Beb& wmbv‡K myjZvb wb‡Ri MÖš’vMvi e¨env‡ii AbygwZ ‡`b| GwU Zvu‡K wewfbœ ‡ÿ‡Î Zvui Ávb‡K cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj Ges gvÎ m‡Zi eQi eq‡m wZwb mgKvjxb mg¯Í weÁv‡bi Ávb AvqË Ki‡Z ‡c‡iwQ‡jb| wPwKrmvi ‡ÿ‡Î Zvui
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