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P. 90

Piling Problems in Rock                                                                                                           Problems of Slender & Long Pile in Deep Soft Soil


                                                                                                                                                                                                        HAMMER
                                                                                                                                                             1. CRUSHING OF PILE HEAD WHEN THERE IS
                                                                                                                                                             ECCENTRIC HAMMERING OR PILE  TILTING /
                                                                                                                                                             DEFLECTION  DUE  TO  HARD  OBSTRUCTION                           2. LONGITUDINAL SPLITTING OR
                                                                                                                                                             OR INCLINE BEDROCK                                               SPALLING OF PRECAST CONCRETE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PILE WHEN ENCOUNTERING HARD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              DRIVING ESPECIALLY AT NON-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CHAMFERED CORNERS OR LOCALIZED
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              HONEYCOMB NEAR PILE HEAD

                                                                                                                                                                                                                               3. PROBABLE TENSILE CRACKS DUE TO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               HIGH TENSILE STRESS WHEN THE PILE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               SUDDENLY PUNCHES THROUGH THE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               LOCALIZED SAND LENSE, ESPECIALLY
                                                                                                                                                              4. DISLOCATION / SEPARATION OF PILE                              WHEN DIESEL HAMMER IS USED OR
                                                                                                                                                              JOINT WHEN THE PILE ENCOUNTERING HIGH                            WHEN DROP OF HAMMER > 1m
                                                                                                                                                              TENSILE DRIVING STRESS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               5. WHIPPING OR DISPLACEMENT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               EFFECT OF LONG SLENDER PILE CAN
                                                                                                                                                    NOTES:                                                                     RESULT IN LOSS OF FRICTIONAL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               RESISTANCE IN STIFF STRATA (LESS
                                                                                                                                                    1. MOST OF THE “8” PROBLEMS LISTED CAN BE                                  PROBLEM IF L/r < 100 )
                                                                                                                                                    MITIGATED BY USING LARGER PILES (L/r < 100) PLUS
                                                                                                                                                    COMPLIANCE WITH THE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
                                                                                                                                                    AS SPECIFIED IN MS1314 PART 1 (APPENDIX A & C,
                                                                                                                                                    WORKMANSHIP & INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS etc.).
                                                                                                                                                    THESE PROBLEMS ALSO CAN BE MINIMIZED BY USING
                                                                                                                                                    LARGE HYDRAULIC HAMMER WITH SMALL DROP      LOCALIZED                 6. POSSIBLE LONGITUDINAL CRACKS
                                                                                                                                                    (<0.6m)                                     SAND LENSE                DUE TO EXCESSIVE TWISTING /
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          DEFLECTION WHEN THERE IS
                                                                                                                                                    2. PROBLEMS 2,3,4 & 6 CAN BE MINIMIZED OR                             DIRECTIONAL STABILITY PROBLEM
                                                                                                                                                    MITIGATED BY USING PRE-STRESSED SPUN PILES                            (L/r > 100)
                                                                                                                                                    WITH EFFECTIVE STRESS > 7 N/mm 2
                                                                                                                                                    3. PROBLEM 4 CAN BE EFFECTIVELY MITIGATED BY
                                                                                                                                                    USING PRE-STRESSED SPUN PILES WITH COLLAR /
                                                                                                                                                    COUPLE PLATES WELDED JOINTS


                                                                                                                                                                     7. WHEN STRIKING HARD ERRATIC OR               8. EXCESSIVE DEFLECTION UP TO 2.5m
                                                                                                                                                                     INCLINED BED ROCK, PILE TOE MAY BE             HAS BEEN REPORTED FOR LONG
                                                                                                                                                                     DAMAGE, CAN BE MITIGATED BY                    SLENDER PILE (L/r > 120) (DIRECTIONAL
                                                                                                                                                                     PROPER “OSLO” POINT                            STABILITY), CAN BE CHECKED BY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    USING CLOSED END SPUN PILES
                                                                                                                                                                                                    DEFLECTION
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       74  PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT MALAYSIA                                                                                                                                                                                      GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING HANDBOOK  75
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