Page 397 - Ranah Studi Agraria: Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Agraris

Ranah Studi Agraria

G. Agricultural and Nonagricultural Bases of Inequality
and Differentiation
The preceding sections have documented some of the va-
riations between villages in the precise form and pace of agra-
rian changes occurring during a decade of successful agricul-
tural intensification. Despite these variations some broad gene-
ralizations are possible. We have seen that increasing land-

lessness now leaves about half of all households without sawah
ownership rights and about 40 without cultivation rights. The
decline in share tenancies has contributed to the relative dec-
line of smaller farm households (although their absolute num-
bers may not have decreased), allowing average farm size to
increase despite the pressure of population growth; agriculture
remains dominated by small groups of households owning
more than 1.0 ha of sawah who (although comprising less
than 9 of all households in the nine sample neighborhoods)
own more than half the available sawah.
Some summary statistics on the levels and sources of in-
come of the different landownership categories-departing from
our usual practice and aggregating the nine sample neighbor-
hoods are shown in Table 7.11. Space does not allow detailed
discussion of the distribution of nonpaddy agricultural activi-
ties and incomes (other seasonal crops, tree crops, livestock,
poultry, and aquaculture) which together make up about one-
third of the ‘own farm’ incomes shown in the table. (These are
detailed for each sample neighborhood by landownership class
in Abunawan Mintoro 1984: appendix 8.) Their overall distri-
bution reflects that of paddy incomes, resulting in the highly
unequal pattern of agricultural income distribution shown in

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