Page 409 - American Stories, A History of the United States

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the President versus Congress
1863
16.1 What conflicts arose consecutively involving President the President Versus
Lincoln and then President Johnson and Congress Congress—Lincoln 1863
during Reconstruction? p. 355 sets forth 10 percent
Reconstruction plan
Both Lincoln and Johnson had their own notions of how
Reconstruction should be governed. Radical Republicans who 1864
sought more protection for black rights challenged Lincoln’s Ten the President Versus
Percent Plan. Later, when Johnson hesitated to renew the Freedmen’s 1864 Congress—Lincoln
Bureau and fight the Black Codes, Congress passed the Fourteenth pocket vetoes
Amendment to ensure equal rights to all Americans. 1866 Wade–Davis Bill
the President Versus
Reconstructing Southern Society Congress—Johnson
vetoes Freedmen’s
16.2 What problems did southern society face during Bureau Bill (February); 1866
Reconstruction? p. 363 Civil Rights Act passed
over Johnson’s veto
The immediate problems facing the South were economic and physi- (April); Congress
cal devastation, and providing for the mass of freed slaves. While passes Fourteenth
former slaveholders hoped to reduce ex-slaves to conditions not Amendment (June) 1867
unlike slavery, northern Republicans wanted to reorganize southern the President Versus
land and labor on a northern free-labor model. Freedmen’s Bureau Congress—First
agents emphasized that ex-slaves had to sign contracts and work for 1867 Reconstruction Act
wages. The freed slaves hoped instead to own land. Sharecropping passed over Johnson’s
was a compromise. veto (March)
1868
Retreat from Reconstruction the President Versus
Congress—Johnson is 1868
impeached but avoids
16.3 Why did Reconstruction end? p. 369 conviction by one vote
(February–May) 1869
Although intended to protect civil rights, the Fifteenth Amendment Retreat from
allowed states to limit local suffrage through difficult voting pre- 1869 Reconstruction—
requisites. Further, the Ku Klux Klan intimidated black voters and Congress passes
representation. By 1876, these tactics had defeated the Republicans in Fifteenth Amendment
most southern states and Reconstruction was nearly dead.
1870–1871
Retreat from
Reunion and the New South Reconstruction—
Force Acts protect 1870–1871
16.4 Who benefited and who suffered from the reconciliation black voting rights in
of the North and South? p. 372 the South
Reunion came at the expense of African Americans. The Compromise 1877
of 1877 restored autonomous government in the South to resolve the Reunion and the new
1876 election. The North would no longer enforce unpopular civil 1877 South—Compromise
rights, allowing the Redeemers to bring back laissez-faire economics of 1877 ends
and restore white supremacy through the Jim Crow laws. Reconstruction

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