Page 217 - Business Principles and Management

Unit 3

What health problems can
occur when computers are
used frequently? What steps
can a business take to reduce
such problems?

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machines. For example, they work with engineers to design more comfortable
chairs and produce lighting that reduces eye strain. In recent years, ergonomic
experts have focused on making computer hardware, software, furniture, and
lights adjustable, practical, and comfortable.

CHANGED JOBS

A major role of today’s managers is to manage change. The rapid rate at which
changes occur can be disruptive. To survive, businesses must be adaptable and
employees must change to meet the needs of employers.
Nearly all jobs have been restructured, and new jobs are evolving. Large num-
bers of employees must use computers. In turn, job tasks once done manually, such
as taking shorthand and using typewriters, are now done on computers. Bosses who
key their own messages have greatly modified the role of the secretary. For example,
most secretaries have had title changes, with many becoming administrative assis-
tants who perform a variety of higher-level tasks. Many are assigned leadership
roles, serve as project managers and members of work teams, and train employees
on how to use electronic equipment. Similarly, other jobs have been greatly modi-
fied as workers are given far more responsibilities than during the precomputer age.
Often employees are retrained for new jobs, but others are let go. This down-
sizing action creates anxiety among workers. Many firms provide retraining, and
others help employees find new jobs with other firms. Each new major techno-
logical change, however, creates employee anxiety. Managers must be ready to
deal with this problem, because these employees may become less productive,
leave, or create problems.

THE NEW JOB MARKET
Computerization has reduced the need for some skills and increased the need for
others. Today’s employees must have technical skills as well as interpersonal skills.
For example, employees who work at computer help desks assist workers who

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