Page 761 - Environment: The Science Behind the Stories

anthropocentrism, 155 savanna, 115 marine ecosystem, 450, 460
anthropology, 26f total fertility rate, 219t new species discoveries, 296–297
Appalachian State University, 678 tropical dry forest, 115 overharvesting, 303–304
Appalachians, 54 automobiles pollution damage, 303
applications, 31 campus commuting, 680f population declines, 301
aquaculture, 269–270, 269f ethanol-powered, 587 reserve design and, 347
aquatic systems, 112–113 fuel efficiency, 526, 526f, 565–566, 565f species diversity, 295
aquifers, 139, 409 hybrid, 565f tropical rainforest, 91
artesian, 409 autotrophs, 50, 50f, 98 biodiversity hotspots, 317, 317f
confined, 410f autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), 310f bioenergy, 584–591
Ogallala, 411f avian malaria, 88, 89f benefits, 586–587
unconfined, 410f Azov Sea, 93 carbon-neutral, 590–591
Aral Sea, 415f, 416f Azraq Oasis, Jordan, 417 crops, 586
Arcata Marsh and Wildlife Sanctuary, California, drawbacks, 586–587
434f sources, 585
archaeology, 26f B biofuels, 266, 588f, 589–590
Archangelsk, Russia, 117f “baby boom” generation. aging of, 216f biogeochemical cycles, 135 135f
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 553 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), 274 carbon cycle and, 139–143
Arctic warming, 516, 521f background extinction rate, 77 nitrogen cycle and, 141, 144
area effect, 346–347 background rate of extinction, 299 nutrient cycles and, 135, 138
argon bacteria nutrient enrichment, tackling, 146
in atmosphere, 468f livestock production and, 269 phosphorus cycle and, 145–146
percentage of air, 42t nitrogen-fixing, 143–144, 144f water cycle and, 138–139
Arizona bagasse, 587 biological control, 274
altitudinal gradient, 118f Baird, Brian, 343 biological diversity, 71, 294–295
cactus, evolution of, 69 Baker, C. Scott, 318–319, 318f Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Pro-
desert, 115 Baker Will, 123 ject, 348–349
forest, 326f bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), 314f biological hazards, 379
grazing, 252 Baldwin, Bruce, 74 biology, 26f
irrigation, 251f Baldwin-Wallace College, 674 biomagnification, 392, 392f
Malpai Borderlands, 252–253 Ball State University, 675 biomass, 100, 584–591
oxbow river, 412f Baltimore, Maryland, 370–371 combustion strategies, 586
sandstone, 55f Bangladesh at higher trophic levels, 100, 100f
Arizona State University, 678f ecological footprint, 38 biomass energy. See bioenergy
Arkansas, 28f, 268f, 560 fertility rates, 224f biome(s), 111. See also specific biomes
Army Corps of Engineers, 136, 418–419 basalt, 55 altitudes, 117–118, 118f
artesian aquifers, 409 Basel Convention, 644 aquatic systems, 112–113
artificial selection, 70, 70f basic (pH), 46 climate and, 112
asbestos, 385 bathymetry, 440f coastal systems, 112–113
asbestosis, 385 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, 307 Earth’s, 111–118
ash, volcanic, 59 bears, 117, 311f latitudes, 111f, 117–118
Ashland University, 674 bedrock, 236–237 location, 111–112
Asia beetles, 296, 339–340 terrestrial, 113–117
aquaculture, 269 Beijing, 481, 490f biopower, 585–587, 586f
fresh water, 414 Belgium, 231t bioprospecting, 310
Southeast, 23 Benbrook, Charles, 282 biosphere, 78f, 127
total fertility rate, 219t benefits, 161–162 biosphere reserves, 345, 345f
Asian long-horned beetles (Anoplophora Bennet, Edward, 361 biotechnology, 261–291, 279
glabripennis), 306f Bennett, Hugh Hammond, 243–244 bioterrorism, 383
Aspen FACE Experiment, 142–143, 142f benthic ecosystems, 444 biotic potential, 86
asthenosphere, 52 benthic invertebrate animals, 100, 104 birds, 72f. See also specific species
astronomy, 27 bicycles, 363f, 526f, 681f beak length, diversity in, 68f
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), 438f Biderman, Assaf, 638 Hawaiian endangered, 66–67
fisheries, collapse of, 438–439 Bingham Canyon mine, 658f killed by wind turbines vs. cats, windows,
fishing, 459f bioaccumulation, 391–392 cars, and other causes, 611f
Atlantic salmon, 270 biocapacity, 23f, 226 shifting populations, 519f
atmosphere, 127, 468–474, 468f biocentrism, 155 species, 298f
carbon, 140 biocontrol, 274–275 birth control, 221
atmospheric blocking pattern, 515 biodegradable wastes, 427–428 birth rates, 84
atmospheric deposition, 491 biodiesel, 588–589, 589f, 681f crude, 84
atmospheric pressure, 469–470 biodiversity, 33, 71, 292–323 declining, 210, 216f
atmospheric science, 26f benefits, 308–312 in Europe, 210–211
atomic number, 42 coral reef, 449–450 industrial stage and, 220
atoms, 41–43, 42, 42f distribution, uneven, 296–298 industrialization, 220, 220f
compounds and, 41–43 of Earth, 77–78 bisphenol A (BPA), 377–378
molecules and, 41–43 ecosystem diversity, 295–296 packaging containing, 378f
audits, 674f, 683–684 evolution and, 67–78, 70–71 testing safety of, 380–381, 380f, 381f
Australia, 115f genetic diversity, 295 Black Death, 226
cactus moth, 274, 274f habitat loss, 301–302 black rhinoceros, 299, 299f, 315f
chaparral, 117 hotspots, 317f Black Rock Desert, Nevada, 51f
I-2 minerals, 656f loss through extinction, 299–308, 308f Black Sea

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