Page 765 - Environment: The Science Behind the Stories

Diamond, Jared, 23, 25 as island, 20f, 21–23 economic development, 165
dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), 26–27, as island, sustainability and, 689 economic growth, 165–167
26f, 314, 392f, 401 layers, 52–54, 52f economic(s)
ban, 383 life on, 77–78 classical, 161
persistence of, 395 mantle, 52, 52f demographic change and, 227
dikes, 418–419 Milankovitch cycles, 505–506, 506f ecological economics, 168
Dimock, Pennyslvania, 179-166, 179f, 180f, photograph of, 20f, 689f environmental economics and, 159–174
183f, 184f, 198 radiative forcing, 505f environmental health risks and, 27
dinosaurs, mass extinction event, 77 seasons, 471f environmental protection and, 199, 683–684
direct measurements, 507–508 earthquake(s), 58, 58t ethics in, 153
directional drilling, 560 in Haiti, 59f foreign energy dependence, 561–563
directives, EU, 197 Tohoku, Japan, 40–41, 44–45 fossil fuel extraction, 545
discounting, 165, 166 tsunamis and, 60–61 industrial solid waste, 640–641
disease Earth’s systems, 39–61, 51 land preservation incentives, 345
education campaigns, 383–384 East River (New York) dead zone, 131 market failure, 172–173
environmental health and, 380–382 East River (New York) tidal energy station, 619 neoclassical, 161, 164–165
health care, 383 Easter Island (Rapa Nui), 24–25, 24f, 25f resource allocation, 159
infectious, 25, 382–383 Ebrard, Marcelo, 467–468 sprawl and, 360
water-borne, 383 ecocentrism, 155 sustainable growth, 165–168, 173–174,
distance effect, 347f ecolabeling, 173, 173f, 200 683–684, 684f
disturbance, 102–103 ecological communities, 78, 98–111 economy/economies, 159
succession following, 103, 106 ecological economics, 160, 168. See also biodiversity and, 311
divergent evolution, 69f economic(s) environment and, 159 160–161
divergent plate boundaries, 52, 53f ecological footprint, 22–23, 23f GDP assessment of, 170–172
diversity affluence and, 230–231 types, 159–160
natural selection and, 68 agriculture and soil loss, 259–260 ecosystem diversity, 295–296, 295f
speciation and, 77 air pollution from transportation, 498–499 ecosystem ecology, 78–79
divestment, fossil fuel corporations, 682–683, biomass, 569 environmental systems and, 122–149
682f calculating, 38 ecosystem engineers, 102
DNA. See deoxyribonucleic acid coffee consumption, 91 ecosystem services, 21, 134, 134t, 135f, 160f,
dog breeds, 70, 70f colleges, 34 170, 170f, 308, 328f
dolphins, 458f diet and, 64 biodiversity and, 308
domesticated animals, 70, 70f, 267 electricity consumption, 624–625 forest, 328, 328f
Dominican Republic, 224f federal regulations, cost-benefit analyses of, marine, 460
Donato, Daniel, 342f 204 monetary value of, 134, 168–170
Donora, Pennsylvania, 482f fish consumption, 465 nonmarket values of, 168–169
dose, 394 food choices and, 64 valuation methods estimating, 168–170, 170f
dose-response analysis, 394–395 food transportation, 290–291 ecosystem-based management, 333, 337f
dose-response curve, 380f, 395f forest resources, 352 ecosystem(s), 78, 78f, 128–134
Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), 109 fossil fuels and, 535, 569 biodiversity, 308–309
Dow Chemical, 263 fuel sources and, 597 climate change affecting, 519–520
downwelling, 443 Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), 178 ecology, 131–132
driftnets, 457, 457f global, 23f energy flow through, 128f, 129
drilling, offshore, 552, 553, 556, 557 green building, 367f interacting living/nonliving entities in,
drinking water. See also water habitat alteration, 322–323 128–129, 131
disease and, 383, 383f human population and, 226f matter flow through, 128f
hydrofracking, 184–185, 184f introduced and invasive species, 120–121 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 33, 33t,
pollution, 383f metals consumption and, 669–670 301, 684
pollution caused by hydrofracking, 184f municipal solid waste, 649–650 nutrients increasing productivity, 129–131
treatment, 432 national, 32f sustainable agriculture mimicking, 287–288
drought, 339–340, 514-497, 520f paper/paperboard consumption, 352 toxic substances and, 390–392
Dubrey, Brajesh, 646f pesticide use and, 404–405 ecotourism, 88, 88f
Dumanoski, Dianne, 396 sustainable solutions, 691 Ecuador, 117
dumping, open, 630, 644f transportation and, 374–375 edge effects, 346, 349f
DuPont, 263 U.S., 23, 32f, 259–260 Edison, Thomas A., 599
Dust Bowl, 192, 213, 242, 243f U.S. federal regulation, 204 Edmonton, Alberta, 638–639, 640f
dust storms, 243f, 475f water consumption, showerheads and, 436 education, 688
Dutch elm disease, 107 world average, 32f fertility rates and, 224
dynamic equilibrium, 125 ecological modeling, 133, 134f health, 227
ecological organization, levels of, 78–79 educational value, 169f
ecological processes, 135f Edwards, John, 109
E ecological restoration, 110, 110f, 317 efficiency, 165f. See also energy efficiency
Earth college campuses, 681–682, 682f electric generation, 525
biodiversity of, 77–78 mine sites, 661, 664 urban sustainability, 368
biomes, 111–118 ecology, 26f, 78 EGS. See enhanced geothermal systems
carrying capacity, 214 community, 78 Ehrlich, Anne, 210, 309
core, 52, 52f ecosystem, 78 Ehrlich, Paul, 210, 210f, 211, 309
crust, 52, 52f, 53f organismal, 79 El Niño, 443–444, 444f
ecosystem services, value of, 134 population, 79–87 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), 443
forest cover, 327f science, 78 electric cars, 28f
I-6 geologic epochs, 56–57 studying, levels of, 78–79 electricity

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