Page 766 - Environment: The Science Behind the Stories

conservation, 525 entropy, 48, 49f regulation, 401
efficiency, 525 environment, 21 six major pollutants, 476f, 477f
geothermal energy for, 616 adaptation and, 69–70 environmental science, 21
new renewable sources, 601f chemistry and, 41–47 avoiding past mistakes and, 23–25
sources, 525–526 degradation of, 23 as college requirement, 35–36
electricity generation, 525, 540f, 547f, 572f economy and existence within, 160–161 environmentalism vs., 27, 27f
incineration, 634 human population and, 211–213 interactions with world and, 21
electrolysis, 621 matter and, 41–47 as interdisciplinary pursuit, 26, 26f
electronic waste (See also e-waste), 642–643, oil and gas extraction, 560 introduction to, 20–38
642f, 643f, 646–647 urban area location and, 356–357 paradigm shifts, 31
electronics, minerals in, 655 environmental activists, 529f political influence and, 27
electrons, 42, 42f environmental conditions, 69–70, 69f social influence and, 27
elements, 41–43, 42t environmental economics, 168 sustainability projections, 168f
listed by mass, 42t values and, 170f environmental studies, 26
Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), 306f environmental ethics, 153–159, 154 environmental systems
emergent properties, 125, 125f people and environment, relationships and, defining properties, 125–126
emergent trees, 328 154 Earth’s, 124–128
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 156 religion and, 155–156 feedback loops, 124–125
emigration, 84, 218 environmental hazards, 378–379, 379f, 384t interactions, 126
eminent domain, 561 human studies, 393–394 perceiving Earth’s, 127–128
emissions risk, 398–402, 398f, 399f environmental toxicology, 384
agencies monitoring, 476–477 wildlife studies, 392–393 Environmental Working Group (EWG), 386
economy and cutting, 529–530 environmental health, 88–89, 378 environmentalism, 27, 27f
fossil fuel, 554–557, 554f disease and, 380–384, 382f, 383f EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency
greenhouse gas, 480–481 global sanitation and clean drinking water, (EPA)
incineration, 633 383f EPICA, 508–509, 508f, 509f
Kyoto Protocol and, 528, 528f hazards, 379–385, 384t epidemiological studies, 393–394
reduction, 522f, 525f risks, 26–27 epiphytes, 328
stabilizing, 527f, 528f studying, 380–381 EROI. See energy returned on investment
emissions trading systems, 200–201 environmental impact erosion, 240–241
endangered species, 314–315 consumption and, 32–33 global rates, 57f, 241, 241f
Endangered Species Act (ESA), 194, 314–315 human population and, 32–33, 225–226 topsoil removal and, 259–260
endemic species, 77 mountaintop removal mining, 660–661, 660f, water, 241f
endocrine disruption, 388, 388f, 395–397 662–663, 663f Erwin, Terry, 297
end-Permian extinction event, 77 population growth and, 22, 22f, 32–33 Escanaba mill, 325–326, 340
energy, 47–51, 48f environmental impact statement (EIS), 192–193 An Essay on the Principle of Population (Mal-
biomass, and, 100, 584–592 environmental justice, 158 thus), 210
conservation, 48–49 Hurricane Katrina and, 159f estrogenic activity, 419f
consumption, 539–540, 541f, 573f toxic waste protest, 158f estuary, 128, 448
ecosystem, 128f environmental justice movement, 158, 159f ethane, 46
efficiency and conservation, 564–566 environmental policy, 179–204, 182, 182f ethanol, 266, 587–588, 587f, 588f
food choices and, 64, 267–268 approaches, 198–202 downsides, 605f
forms, 48–51 external costs, 183, 186, 561 ethical considerations, 154–155, 312
fossil fuel, 542–564 factors hindering, 186–187 ethical perspectives, 154–155, 155f
hydroelectric power, 592–594 fairness, 182–183 186 ethical standards, 154
kinetic, 48, 48f free riders, 183 ethics, 26f
light, 49–50, 50f international, 195–197 discounting and global climate change, 166
net, 541 resource use, 186 environmental, 154
nuclear, 573–584 tragedy of the commons and, 183 in economics, 153
potential, 48, 48f U.S., 187–195 hydrofracking, 182
PV cell-generated, 608–609, 608f environmental policy, U.S., 187–195 Ethiopia, 231t
quality, 48–49, 50f conservation encouraged by, 192 EU. See European Union
renewable, 600–620 courts interpret constitutionality of, 188–189 Eurasian collared dove, 85, 85f, 86f
sources, harnessing, 49, 538–542 development encouraged by, 191–192 Europe
sustainability, 33–34 early, 191–192 191f 192f 193f birth rates, 210–211
U.S. consumption, 573f EPA and, 193, 401 effects on Western Hemisphere, 25, 66, 77
world production, by source, 572f General Mining Act of 1872, 664 heat wave deaths, 520
energy conservation, 564–564 laws, 193–194, 193t temperate deciduous forest, 113
energy conversion efficiency, 49 NEPA, 192 thermohaline circulation, 443f
energy efficiency, 564–566 pollution and, 192, 192f total fertility rate, 218–219, 219t
campus sustainability and, 677–678 environmental problems European gypsy moth, 306f
Energy Policy Act of 2005, 187 awareness, 27 European honeybee, 106, 107, 110, 272, 272f
energy returned on investment (EROI), 541, integrated approach to, 26 European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), 306f
542f, 590–591, 591f perceptions, 26–27, 26f European Union (EU), 196–197
oil and gas discoveries, 542f environmental protection GM foods, 286
energy sources, 33, 539–542 economics and, 683–684, 684f organic farming, 278
comparing, 604–605 sustainable development, 174–175 European Union Emission Trading Scheme, INDEX
Energy Star Program, 564 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 193 201, 530
engineering, 26f Chesapeake Bay restoration, 146–147 eutrophic water bodies, 430f
climate, 532 greenhouse gas emissions, 481, 528 eutrophication, 126, 427
enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), 617 hydraulic fracturing, 182 zebra mussels and, 94 I-7

Z09_WITH7428_05_SE_INDEX.indd 7 13/12/14 11:39 AM