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= + 4 V
                                             = V OC



               For calculating R , we short circuit the sources of EMFs as
                                    eq
















                                                          Figure 2.57

                                                  R  = R   AB  = 10.67 Ω
                                                    eq


               Thevenin’s equivalent circuit and current through the load resistor is
               calculated as


















                                                          Figure 2.58














               Example 2.23    Use Thevenin’s theorem to calculate the current flowing
               through the 5 Ω resistor in the circuit shown in Fig. 2.59.
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