Page 717 - Introduction to Business

SUBJECT INDEX I-13

National income accounts, 30 explanation of, 185, 557–558 Personal selling
National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), 209, goods and services and, 559–560 closings in, 352–353
210, 212 historical background of, 561–563 ethics and, 354
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 209, planning decisions of, 563, 572–579 explanation of, 342, 350
210 Operations research, 563 features of, 350–351
Needs analysis, 205 Opportunity cost, 451 presentations in, 351–352
Negative reinforcement, 242 Optical disks, 594 record keeping for, 353
Net cash inflow, 527 Optimization analysis, 602 Personal spending, 523–525
Net income, 410 Ordering cost, 577 Petabyte, 593
Net interest margin, 511 Organizational analysis, 166 Pharmaceutical industry, 354
Net present value (NPV), 451 Organizational structure Phased conversion strategy, 605
Networked configuration strategy, 607 chain of command and, 173 Phased strategy, 624–625
Network firewall, 618 delegation and, 176–179 Physical capital, 20
Net working capital, 457–458 departmentalization and, 174–176 Physical distribution, 363
Networking specialists, 610 explanation of, 170–173 Piece-rate system, 235
Network organizational structure, 180–181 job specialization and, 173–174 Pilot conversion strategy, 605
Network structures, 599–600 types of, 180–181 Place utility, 358
Net worth, personal, 520–522 Organizations Planned economic system. See Command
New economy, 8 centralized vs. decentralized, 177 economic system
Newspaper advertising, 343–345 explanation of, 171–172 Planning. See also Strategic planning
New tasks, 282 Organized exchanges, 479, 480 contingency and crisis, 170
Niche marketing strategy, 296–298 Orientation, 201 explanation of, 164–165
Nominal GDP, 31, 32 Ouchi’s theory Z, 232–233, 239–240 human resources, 197–198
Nominal GNI, 31 Out-of-control production system, 583 innovation, 169–170
Nominal GNP, 31 Output devices, 594 strategic formulation and, 165–166
Nominal interest rate, 447–448 Outputs, 19, 52, 558 strategic goals and, 165
Nondepository institutions Outside directors, 101 strategic implementation and, 166–167
explanation of, 505–506 Outsourcing, 296, 366, 576 succession, 168–169
institutional investors, 510 Over-the-counter (OTC) exchanges, 479, 480 Planning decisions
insurance companies, 506–507 Owners, managers vs., 444–445 explanation of, 572–573
investment companies, 509–510 Owners’ equity, 413–414 material requirements and, 574–576
pension funds, 507–509 production rate and, 573–574
Nonstore retailing, 361–362 purchasing and, 576–577
Normal variation, 582–583 Packaging, 312–313 Plant managers, 584
Norris-LaGuardia Act, 209 Paper money, 488 Plunge conversion strategy, 605
North American Commission on Labor Parallel conversion strategy, 605 Policy tools, 495
Cooperation, 213 Participative management, 246–247 Political union, 68
North American Free Trade Agreement Partnership agreements, 98 P-O-P (point of purchase), 347
(NAFTA), 72–73, 75, 213 Partnerships, 97–98, 143 Portfolio of assets, 520
North American Industry Classification Part-time work, 195, 251 Positioning, 298
System (NAICS), 281–282 Par value, 144, 463 Positive reinforcement, 242
Not-for-profit organizations Patents, 15 Preemptive right, 455–456
explanation of, 4, 21 Path-goal theory, 257 Preferred provider organizations (PPOs), 535
objectives of, 24–25 Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Preferred stock, 100
Numeraire currency, 489 (PBGC), 204 Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, 216
Nutritional Labeling and Education Act, 287 Pension funds, 507–509 Preliminary investigation, in marketing
Pension plans research, 290
explanation of, 204 Present value
Objective evaluation methods, 206 funded, 508 decisions regarding net, 449–451
Objectives, 292–294 types of, 507–508 explanation of, 448
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, unfunded, 508, 509 net, 451
216 Perception, 280 Prevention objectives, 329
Occupations, 9. See also Careers Performance appraisals. See Employee per- Preventive controls, 395–396. See also Internal
Off-duty conduct statutes, 217–218 formance appraisals controls
Officers, corporate, 102 Performance objectives, 329 Price elastic demand, 11
Offshoring, 249 Permanent insurance, 535–536 Price elastic supply, 12
Oligopoly, 15, 16 Personal balance sheet, 520 Price inelastic demand, 11
Online banking, 505 Personal financial planning (PFP) Price inelastic supply, 12
Online brokerage firms, 459 careers in, 550 Price risk, 482
Online retailing, 362 computing net worth and, 520–522 Prices
Open market operations, 492 ethics of, 547–550 competitiveness and, 560
Operating activities, 414 evaluating spending patterns and, 523–525 seasonal demand and, 573
Operating system, 595 identifying your stage in life and, 525 transfer, 333
Operating targets, 495 income management and, 527–536 Pricing mix
Operational audits, 417 investing and, 538–545 existing products and, 331–332
Operational database, 598 living on one income and, 536–538 objectives for, 329–330
Operational efficiency, 482 purpose of, 519 price-setting steps and, 330–331
Operational-level systems, 601 retirement and estate planning and, 545–546 for products sold internationally, 333
Operational plans, 167 setting financial goals and, 522–523 retailer markup and, 333–335
Operational risk, 482 software for, 532–533 Primary drives, 230
Operations management tax planning and, 547 Primary market, 326, 481
careers in, 583–584 using experts for, 525–527 Primary storage, 593
competitiveness and, 560–561 web resources for, 533–534 Principals, 103
control decisions of, 564, 580–583 Personal financial specialists (PFSs), 526, 527, Principal value, 463
design decisions of, 563–571 550 Privacy, 427, 608, 633

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