Page 326 - INDONESIA ISLAMIC CULTURE

Islamic Movements

on Campus

Muhammad Wildan

Three crucial periods can be identified Islamic movements) emerged as people’s involvement in an organization. aspirations. 4 Campus dakwah
in the history of the youth movements. response to social realities. Islamic One’s action leads to a specific purpose Islam an identity to show along with activities in Salman
First, the establishment of Islamic study movementson campus wasa response and that purpose is determined by the emergence of other ideological Mosque at the Bandung
groups among the young educated to currents socio-religious and political values or preferences. Followers of an identities. The founding of Himpunan Institute of Technology
people, such as Jong Islamieten Bond situation. Socio-religious and political organization rationally understand the Mahasiswa Islam (HMI) and Pergerakan Source: Documentation
(JIB) and Studenten Islam Studiesclub changes, require the involvement of goals of social movements and how to Salman Mosque ITB
(SIS). Second, the independent period groups of people who want to participate achieve their goals. A social movement Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII),
when student movements emergedin into the process of change. can be distinguished by its primordial several years after Indonesia’s
nationalist and Islamic spirit, the structure or its particular purpose. In independence, was stimulated by the
3
Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (the Herbert Blummer defines social this theory the dynamics of a religious desire of Muslim students to be involved
Islamic Students Association, HMI); movements as collective efforts to create social movement could be exposed, not in shaping the characters and mentality
1
Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia new rules of life within the community. only how campus Islamic movement has of the Indonesian Muslim students. In
(theIndonesian Islamic Students As a social movement, campus Islamic emerged but also how it successfully contemporary era, the ideological factor
Movement, PMII); and Ikatan Mahasiswa movement aims at changing social order. triggers masses to reach the goal. is so intense to strive for the emergence
Muhammadiyah (the Muhammadiyah The Campus Islamic movement can be There were several factors that led to of Islamic movements such as LDK and
Students Bond, IMM) ---the latter two seen from several perspectives. The foundation of Islamic student movement. KAMMI. The rise of campus Islamic
are student organizations under the relative deprivation theory views social First,ideology is a very significant factor movements can be referred also as a
NU and Muhammadiyah organizations movements emerging from a group of in shaping personalities and mass “protest movement” against the existing
respectively. Finally, the 1980s period people who are not satisfied with the mobilization. In many universities, Islamic movements within campuses
up to the present time whenstudent ongoing social changes or because of especially public universities, Islamic perceived to bring into a different
movementshave developed into a their marginalized positions in politics or movement is a way to show students’ direction and ideology as well.
high spirit of Islamism in the period economy. Briefly, the relative deprivation Islamic identities. Many Islamic students Second, the emerged of the student
establishment of Lembaga Dakwah theory explains that social deprivation are active in the movements at their movements is also driven by political
Kampus (the Campus Propagation is formed when there is a difference campuses to spread their ideological factors. This is especially true in the case
Agency, LDK)and Kesatuan Aksi between expectations and realities. This orientation. Contestation with other of HMI and PMII. Within the plethora
Mahasiswa Muslim Indonesia (the relative deprivation, when collectively movements, other religion based of nationalist movements, the Muslim
Indonesian Muslim-Students’ Actions formed, potentially becomes a social student organizations, and non-religious students compelled to engage in coloring
Union, KAMMI). movement. 2 organizations are ideological factors that political attitudes, although these
Another theory that may help to uncover incite Islamic movements to emerge at movements are not the substructuresof
Islamic Student the dynamics of campus Islamic campuses. Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB), any Islamic political parties. However,
Movements:Some Explanatory movements is the rational choice theory. as will be explained later, emerged as in terms of Islam politics, the Islamic
Perspectives
Developed by James S. Coleman, the an antithesis to Jong Java that failed student movements cannot be classified
Islamic movements (including campus rational choice theory bears principles of to accommodate the Muslim students’ as a movement of Islamism, since none

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