Page 392 - INDONESIA ISLAMIC CULTURE

Tabel 1
Names of Party Vote Results
PNI 22,3%

Masjumi 20,9%
NU 18,4%
PKI 16,4%

PSII 2,9%
Perti 1,3%

agreement led Sjahrir to hand over his Samsudin, M. Roem, K.H. Masjkur, and of the Republic of Indonesia could be largest political force, while the Masjumi Tabel 1 the 1955 General
mandate to Soekarno on June 27, 1947. Kasman Singodimejo to sit in the cabinet. maintained. After Soekarno and Hatta and the NU were the second and third Election
A new cabinet was formed under However, on January 16, 1948, the had returned to Yogyakarta, Sjafruddin largest respectively. The fourth place
the leadership of the socialist Amir Masjumi with drew its cadres in protest to immediately returned the mandate to the was occupied by the PKI (Boland, 1985:
Syarifuddin by inviting the participation the outcome of the Renville negotiations central government. In the Roem-van 56). The PSII and Perti were only minor
of the existing parties. The Masjumi that too much favored the Dutch. The Royen negotiations, the Masjumi had parties. The overall vote result of the
demanded the position of Prime Minister PNI and the Sjahrir group also rejected also shown its outstanding contribution Islamic parties was about 43.5%.
by preventing Indonesia from being
and those of the Ministers of Defense, Amir Syarifuddin’s policy causing the harassed by the Dutch. Due to the parliamentary system’s
the Interior and Foreign Affairs. There cabinet to be dissolved. On January 29, ineffectiveness and ongoing regional
was disagreement between Amir 1948, a new cabinet was formed headed The period from 1950 to 1957 was insurgencies after Ali Sastroamidjojo
Syarifuddin and the Masjumi and on by Mohammad Hatta. Hatta invited the marked by the rise and fall of cabinets handed over his mandate, Soekarno
July 2, 1947, Amir Syarifuddin was Masjumi and the PNI to form a strong because no party was able to rule as the issued Martial Law which provided
chosen as Prime Minister and the coalition cabinet. Hatta’s cabinet turned majority. The dominant parties were the much power for the military and
cabinet was drawn up without the out to survive relatively long in the PNI, Masjumi and the PKI. When the NU became the initial step towards
participation of the Masjumi. To give the Revolution Era (1949). Hatta’s cabinet left the Masjumi in 1952, the Masjumi Guided Democracy in 1957. The
Islamic groups’ some representation had to deal with various local uprisings began to weaken even further although debates in the Constituent Assembly
in the cabinet, Arudji Kartawinata and such as the PKI revolt in Madiun in 1948 in the 1955 election it still ranked as the in 1959 to decide the foundation of the
Wondoamiseno were asked to revive the and the Darul Islam rebellion in West second largest party. Masjumi continued Indonesian state reached a deadlock
PSII which had been reestablished and Java. The Masjumi played active roles to support cabinets after 1950 which was and Soekarno took over the discourse
then they formed a coalition with Amir in negotiations to quell these uprisings. marked by its joining the Hatta cabinet by issuing a presidential decree in
Syarifuddin’s cabinet. They occupied After the Dutch military aggression (1950-1951). In 1951-1952 the cabinet 1959 which dissolved the Constituent
ministerial positions. The Masjumi firmly of December 19, 1948, the Dutch was chaired by Natsir who was later Assembly and issued the Presidential
rejected Amir Syarifuddin because he controlled all important cities in Java and replaced by Sukiman. The next cabinet decree that ordered thereturn to the
had converted from Islam to Christianity Sumatra. Soekarno, Hatta and Natsir was held by the PNI under Wilopo’s 1945 Constitution. Adopting Guided
before Independence. He had also were arrested. The Indonesian people leadership (1952-1953) and continued Democracy, Soekarno formed the Dewan
cooperated with the Dutch when the who had previously been involved in the by Sastroamidjojo also of the PNI (1953- Perwakilan Rakyat Gotong Royong
Japanese had occupied Indonesia. 47 political conflicts were reunited. Under 1955). To see the configurative strength (the Mutual Cooperation – People’s
these precarious conditions, the Masjumi of the Islamic parties compared with Representative Council, DPR GR),
When there was a reshuffle in Amir leader, Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, took the nationalist parties it would be good in which the members were directly
Syarifuddin’s cabinet on November the initiative to set up an emergency to have a look at the vote results of the appointed. He also launced the concept
13, 1947, the Masjumi was willing to government center in the interior of 1955 general election the first and the of “Nasakom” (Nationalist, Religious,
join the coalition cabinet by appointing West Sumatra, complete with ministries. most democratic election Indonesia and Communists) in his administration.
47. Noer. Partai-Partai Islam ...,p. 172. Throughthis center the continuation ever had. The PNI was temporarily the The Islamic faction was represented

382 Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives 383