Page 5 - TEKNOLOGI MATERIAL DAN MEKANIK

1.4. BERAT JENIS DAN MASSA JENIS .............................................................................................. 33
2. SIFAT TEKNOLOGI BAHAN. ...................................................................................................... 33
3. RANGKUMAN .......................................................................................................................... 35

VI. PROSES PEMBUATAN BESI .......................................................................................................... 36
1. BIJIH BESI. ................................................................................................................................ 36
2. BAHAN BAKAR. ........................................................................................................................ 36

3. UDARA PANAS. ........................................................................................................................ 36
4. PROSES DALAM DAPUR TINGGI............................................................................................... 37
5. PROSES PEMBUATAN BAJA ..................................................................................................... 40
6. KONVERTOR BESSEMER. ......................................................................................................... 41

7. DAPUR SIEMENS – MARTIN ..................................................................................................... 42
8. PROSES MARTIN (DAPUR SIEMENS MARTIN) .......................................................................... 43
9. DAPUR LISTRIK ........................................................................................................................ 44

10. DAPUR LISTRIK INDUKSI. ..................................................................................................... 45
11. PROSES PEMBENTUKAN BAJA ............................................................................................. 46
11.1 PROSES PEMBENTUKAN SECARA PANAS ( HOT WORKING )............................................................ 46
11.2 PROSES PEMBENTUKAN SECARA DINGIN (COLD WORKING) .......................................................... 46
11.3 PENGEROLLAN (ROLLING). ..................................................................................................... 47
11.4 TEMPA (FORGING). .............................................................................................................. 47
11.5 PENEKANAN (EXTRUDING). .................................................................................................... 48
11.6 PENARIKAN (DRAWING). ....................................................................................................... 48
11.7 PEMBENGKOKAN (BENDING). ................................................................................................. 48

12. PROSES PEMBENTUKAN PIPA. ............................................................................................ 49
1.1. PROSES PEMBUATAN PIPA, TANPA DI LAS (PIERCING)................................................................... 49
1.2. PROSES PEMBENTUKAN PIPA, DENGAN DI LAS (WELDED PIPE). ..................................................... 50

13. RANGKUMAN ...................................................................................................................... 50
VII. JENIS & KARAKTERISTIK BAJA .................................................................................................... 52
1. MACAM-MACAM BAJA. .......................................................................................................... 52
2. PERLAKUAN PANAS PADA BAJA .............................................................................................. 55

1.1. SOFTENING ......................................................................................................................... 57
1.2. HARDENING ........................................................................................................................ 58
1.3. NORMALISING. .................................................................................................................... 58
1.4. MENGERASKAN. .................................................................................................................. 59
1.5. PENDINGINAN (QUENCHING). ................................................................................................. 59
1.6. PENGERASAN PERMUKAAN. ................................................................................................... 60
1.1.1. Pengerasan bagian luar dari baja. ......................................................................... 60
1.1.2. Pengerasan dengan nyala api (Flame Hardening ) ................................................. 60
1.1.3. Nitriding. ................................................................................................................ 63
3. RANGKUMAN .......................................................................................................................... 63

VIII. KLASIFIKASI BAHAN TEKNIK ...................................................................................................... 65

iii