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2.2.2.7 Bayesian ordered probit, mixed generalized ordered logit and mixed ordered 14

2.2.2.8 Markov switching multinomial logit .................................................................................... 14
2.2.2.9 Sequential logit and probit models ....................................................................................... 14
2.2.2.10 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) ....................................................................................... 15

2.3 Heavy Vehicle Crash and Injury Severity ......................................................................................... 15
2.4 Intersection and Mid-block Crashes ................................................................................................... 17

2.5 Influence of Neighbourhood Social and Economic Characteristics on Crashes ............... 19
2.6 Limitations of the Existing Literature ................................................................................................ 20

2.7 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
Chapter 3 Differences in single heavy-vehicle crashes at intersections and mid-block ..... 22

3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 22

3.2 Methods .......................................................................................................................................................... 23
3.2.1 Data ........................................................................................................................................................ 23

3.2.2 Binary Logit Model ........................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.3 Random Parameter Logit (Mixed Logit Model) ................................................................... 27

3.3. Results and Discussions .......................................................................................................................... 29
3.5 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................... 33

Chapter 4 The influence of neighbourhood socio-demographic characteristics on injury ...... 35

severity in heavy-vehicle crashes ............................................................................................. 35

4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 35
4.2 Methods .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
4.2.1 Data ........................................................................................................................................................ 36

4.2.2 Multinomial Logit Model ............................................................................................................... 43

4.2.3 Random Parameter Logit (Mixed Logit Model) ................................................................... 44
4.3. Results and Discussion............................................................................................................................. 46
4.3.1 Road Users' Residential Neighbourhood Characteristics ................................................ 57

4.3.2 Crash Location Neighbourhood Characteristics .................................................................. 58
4.3.3 Control variables ............................................................................................................................... 58

4.4 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................... 60
Chapter 5 Injury severity in angle crashes involving heavy vehicles................................. 62

5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 62

5.2 Methods .......................................................................................................................................................... 63
5.2.1 Data ........................................................................................................................................................ 63

5.2.2 Binary Logit Model ........................................................................................................................... 67

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