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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................... ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................... iii

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ...................................................................................................... iv

SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... viii

LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... xi

Chapter 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Objectives ..................................................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Research Questions ...................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Scope of Thesis .............................................................................................................................................. 3

1.5 Research Contributions ............................................................................................................................. 4
1.6 Thesis Outline ................................................................................................................................................. 5

Chapter 2 Literature review .................................................................................................. 6
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 6

2.2 Crash Severity Models ................................................................................................................................ 6

2.2.1 Crash severity models focusing on heavy vehicle crashes ................................................. 8
2.2.1.1 Ordered logit and ordered probit models ............................................................................ 8
2.2.1.2 Nested logit models ...................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.1.2 Simultaneous logit model ........................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1.3 Multinomial Logit .......................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.1.4 Heteroskedastic ordered probit and ordered logit models ...................................... 10
2.2.1.5 Mixed logit (Random parameter logit) models .............................................................. 10

2.2.1.6 Partial proportional odds model ........................................................................................... 12
2.2.1.7 Classification and Regression Tree model (CART) models ........................................ 12

2.2.2 Crash severity models focusing on non-heavy vehicle crashes .................................. 12
2.2.2.1 Binary logit and probit models ............................................................................................... 12

2.2.2.2 Bayesian hierarchical binary logit ........................................................................................ 13
2.2.2.3 Bivariate and multivariate binary outcome models ...................................................... 13

2.2.2.4 A copula-based multivariate ordered probit model ...................................................... 13
2.2.2.5 Bivariate ordered probit models ........................................................................................... 13

2.2.2.6 Generalized ordered logit models ......................................................................................... 14

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