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The ACE-V Forensic Standards and Investigations – AFI-LLC – April 2024 2 of 8

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April Article: Applying the ACE-V Standards of Forensic Analysis to Legal Investigations

ACE-V, which stands for Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, and Verification, is a
methodology commonly used in forensic science, particularly in the forensic
laboratory setting for evidence analysis. ACE-V is a systematic approach to examining
and comparing forensic evidence to reach accurate analysis findings. While ACE-V is
primarily associated with forensics, its principles can also be applied to legal
investigations more broadly.

In a legal investigation, the Analysis phase involves the initial examination and
assessment of all available evidence. This could include physical evidence and digital
evidence. Forensic experts and investigators carefully analyze the evidence to determine its relevance and potential
value in the case.

In the Comparison phase legal investigators, like forensic experts, compare the evidence in both discovery and the
independent investigation with known evidence reviewed. This involves comparing different pieces of evidence to
establish links, patterns, or connections. For example, comparing witness statements to interviews and law enforcement
reports for accuracy, as well as to other persons. This extends to all evidence, including photographs and recordings –
from 911 calls to law enforcement body worn cameras.

The Evaluation phase focuses on the results of the review and comparison of the evidence. In a legal investigation,
evaluation involves assessing the significance of the evidence. Does it support or refute a particular hypothesis or theory
related to the case – both prosecution and defense? What is the strength of the evidence, and how reliable is it?

Verification is a critical step in ACE-V, ensuring that the results are accurate and reliable. In a legal investigation,
verification can involve cross-referencing findings with other pieces of evidence or seeking input from other experts in
different fields (e.g., ballistics, digital forensics) to validate the conclusions drawn from the evidence.

When applying ACE-V principles to legal investigations, it's essential to consider the following:
• Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Legal investigations often require input from various forensic experts. Effective
collaboration is essential to ensure a comprehensive examination of the evidence.
• Quality Assurance: Based on forensic principles, practicing quality assurance and quality control is necessary for the
accuracy and reliability of findings in legal investigations.

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