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GENERAL DEDUCTION FORMULA
Expenditure or losses
The ordinary meaning of ‘expenditure’ refers
to the action of spending funds;
disbursement or consumption; and hence the
amount of money spent. The terms
‘obligation’ or ‘liability’ and ‘expenditure’ are
not synonyms.
If a company issues shares to pay for services
or to purchase an asset, no expenditure is
incurred. (CSARS v Labat) Expenditure requires a reduction
(even if only temporary) or at the
very least movement of assets of
the person who expends.
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