Page 148 - THE MELANESIA DIASPORA FILE CETAK ISI 10022017

Graph 7: Language Transmission Scale in Indonesia
300 0 International
1 National
250 2 Provincial
3 Widespread Communication
200 4 Education
150 5 Developing
6.a Strong
100 6.b Threatened
50 7 Shifting
8.a Dying
0 8.b Nearly Extinct
1 2 3 4 5 6a 6b 7 8a 8b 9 10 9 Fading
10 Extinct

The total number of languages in Indonesia is 719 of which 706 are living languages. Their
status is as follows. There are 19 institutionalized languages, 86 developing languages, 260
strong languages, 266 weak or endangered languages, and 75 dying languages. Among
the dying languages, there are 36 moribund language, 8a on the scale, namely Haruku
[hrk], Karas [kgv], Lemolang [ley], Liabuku [lix], Liki [lio], East Masela [vme], Mekwei
[msf], Mombum [mso], Nafri [nxx], Nimboran [nir], Ponosakan [pns], Saparua [spr], Sawi
[saw], Serili [sve], Sowari [dmy], Tabla [tnm], Tarpia [tpf], Tomadino [tdi], Topoiyo [toy],
Towei [ttn], Usku [ulf], Viid [snu],Yarsun [yrs], and Yelmek [jel]. There are 25 nearly-
extinct languages, 8b on the scale: Aputai [apx], Burumakok [aip], Duriankere [dbn],
Emplawas [emw], Kaibobo [kzb], Kanum Bâdi [khd], Kayupulau [kzu], Kembra [xkw],
Kwerisa [kkb], Lengilu [lgi], Lolak [llq], Melayu Bacan [btj], Mander [mqr], Massep [mvs],
Mlap [kja], Morori [mok], Namla [naa], Paulohi [plh], Petjo [pey], Ratahan [rth], Salas
[sgu], Taje [pee], Tobati [tti], and Woria [wor]. There are also 8 dormant languages, 9 on
the scale, namely Dusner [dsn], Iha Pidgin [ihb], Javindo [jvd], Kamarian [kzx], Kayeli
[kzl], Nusa Laut [nul], Onin Pidgin [onx], and Tandia [tni]. Finally, there are 13 extinct
languages, 10 on the scale, namely Hoti [hti], Hukumina [huw], Hulung [huk], Loun [lox],
Mapia [mpy], Moksela [vms], Naka’ela [nae], Nila [nil], Palumata [pmc], Saponi [spi], Serua
[srw], Ternateño [tmg], and Te’un [tve]. The numbers of languages for each scale level are
shown in the graph (Lewis et al., 2015).

148 Chapter 3

MELANESIA BOOK FA LAYOUT 051216.indd 148 2/10/17 2:10 PM