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The main tectonic plates in Southeast Asia, Australia and the Pacific. The younger rocks (from 60 million years
old to the present) are in yellow and the older rocks (250-270 million years old) are in red.
The warming and cooling of the atmosphere take place in cycles of thousands of
years. The resulting rising and falling of the sea level will impact the shoreline, at one time
creating new, habitable areas along the coast, and at another inundating those areas and
driving out its inhabitants. This process can be seen today at the Baturaja Site, which is
found on the Rengasdengklok coast. The temple was abandoned because of subsidence
which led to the flooding of the area and eventually it was covered by the coast sediment.
Coastline changes are caused by the rise and fall of the sea level and also by the
accumulation of sediment that is carried from inland by the movement of water. The
coastline of Jakarta is subject to such proceses. The figure on page 210 shows how the
morphology of Jakarta’s coastline has changed between 1625 and 1977.
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