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but some remaining groups of Austromelanesoids can be found living in this region. They
are the indigenous people of Malaysia, and Agta, the indigenous people of the Philippines.
By and large, however, it can be said that the Austromelaneoids left the western part of
Indonesia, and moved to eastern Indonesia for good.
Meanwhile, the native population living in the eastern part of Indonesia, in East Nusa
Tenggara, Maluku, and coastal Papua, demonstrate the characteristics of Melanesians,
but as one goes westward, the features gradually are seen less. For example, the physical
appearance of the Flores population is different from of those in the remote areas of
Papua. Meanwhile, in at least some of the people of Maluku the characteristics of Mongolic
peoples are more prominent than in the population of East Nusa Tenggara. The gradation
of these characteristics may be caused by the intensified interracial marriage in Maluku
because Maluku was the Mongolic population path as they migrated towards the Pacific.
While based on casual observation and the archaeological data, the findings above are
supported by preliminary research done by Eijkman Institute about population diversities
migrating to the Indonesian archipelago in the past. Out of nine samples so far analyzed,
there were some genetic codes identifying the different waves of migration to Indonesia,
from Taiwan (Haplogroup A), and the Southeast Asian mainland (Haplogroup M and F),
and Haplogroup Q. The latter only had populations in Papua and Australia (Aborigines).
They were the first EMH to arrive, the ancestors of Melanesian settlers. Apart from the
mixed genetics of Austroasiatic and Mongolic population from Taiwan, there were also
mixed genetics of Austroasiatic and Mongolic populations from the Mainland of South
East Asia. The analysis shows that this mixing of populations happened gradually, and that
the percentage of Austronesian genetics found in western Indonesia was higher getting
gradually lower the further east one goes. Meanwhile, the percentage of Papuan genes
was lower in the western part of Indonesia getting higher going west till reaching Papua.
The spread of Austronesian-speaking dwellers in East Indonesia is supported by the
existence of Neolithic archaeological sites in this region. Recently, an Indonesia-IRD and
French team found the sites of dwelling and burial places on Pain Haka beach, Tanjung
Bunga in East Flores. They found at least 60 individuals, some of them buried in earthen
crocks and others buried without. Along with the graves, they also discovered the remains
of daily life activities, such as mollusk shells, fish bones, stone axes and also jewelry made
of shells. These artifacts dated at 2,700 – 2,500 years ago148. Other archaeological sites
were Watokoba in Adonara, Lewoleba in Lembata dated to 2,990, around 160 years ago
(Grn-14,308), Sulengwaseng in Solor, and Melolo in Sumba. Bellwood discovered many

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