Page 43 - Academic Handbook FoS+29june

proteobacteria, Gamma proteobacteria, Delta proteobacteria, Epsilon proteobacteria, Zeta proteobacteria, Gram Positive: Low G+
C (Firmicutes), High G+C (Actinobacteria). Cyanobacteria.
References:
1. S.C. Rastogi. Cell Biology, Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Co. New Delhi, 2010.
2. P. K. Gupta. A Text Book of Cell and Molecular Biology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut, 2019.
th
3. J. Willey, L. Sherwood and C. J. Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing, 10 Edition, 2017.
4. B. Alberts, D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff and J.D. Watson. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Publishing Inc. New York,
2017.
5. D. Robertis, Cell and Molecular Biology, Waverly International, New York, 2011.
6. H. Lodish, A. Berk, S.L. Zipursky, P. Matsudiara, D. Baltimore, and J. Darnell, Molecular Cell Biology, WH Freeman & Co.,
New York, 2013.

BT1212: MICROBIAL NUTRITION AND GROWTH [2 1 0 3]
Microbial Nutritional Types and Requirements: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulphur and Growth factors.
Nutrient uptake mechanisms. Types of culture media. Isolation, pure culture and preservation techniques of microorganisms and
pure culture techniques of microorganisms. Microbial Growth: Definition of growth, growth curve and kinetics, cultivation of
anaerobic bacteria. Measurement of Growth: Direct Microscopic count-Petroff-Hausser counting chamber, haemocytometer,
spread plate and pour plate techniques, membrane filtration, cell mass and turbidity measurement. Synchronous growth,
Continuous growth (chemostat and turbidostat), Diauxic growth and Growth Yield. Influence of environmental factors on growth.
Viable non-culturable organisms. Control of Microorganisms: Pattern/Rate of Microbial Death.
References:
th
1. M.J. Pelczar, E.C.S. Chan and N.R. Krieg. Microbiology. 5 edition. McGraw Hill Book Company, 1993.
2. S. Srivastava and P.S. Srivastava. Understanding Bacteria. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2003.
th
3. J. Willey, L. Sherwood and C. J. Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing, 10 Edition, 2017.
th
4. R.Y. Stanier, J.L. Ingraham, M.L. Wheelis, and P.R. Painter.General Microbiology. 5 edition. McMillan, 2005.
th
5. G.J. Tortora, B.R. Funke, and C.L. Case. Microbiology: An Introduction. 9 edition Pearson Education, 2008.
th
6. M.T. Madigen, J.M. Martinko, K.S. Bender, D.H. Buckley, D. A. Stahl and T. Brock. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 15
edition, Benjamin Cunnings-Pearson, 2018.

BT1232: CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY [0 0 4 2]
To study the morphology of different bacterial samples suing simple staining, negative staining, Gram’s staining, acid fast staining,
Capsule staining, Spore staining, Isolation of pure cultures of bacteria by streaking method, Estimation of CFU count by spread
plate method, Motility by hanging drop method. Study of specimens of lichens such as Lecidia, Graphis, Parmelia, Usnea, Cladonia,
Ramalina. Observation of disease symptoms in different hosts. Study and microscopic preparation of slides of the following fungi:
Albugo, Aspergillus, Puccinia. Field visit and study of some locally available plant diseases caused by viruses, mycoplasma, bacteria
and fungi. Preparation of posters of following diseases: green ear disease of Bajra, rust of Crucifers, rusts and smuts of Wheat, red
rot of sugarcane. Study of specimens and permanent slides of all above mentioned course material. Demonstration of mushroom
cultivation.

BT1233: MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY - II [0 0 4 2]
Physiological differentiation of microorganisms on different media. Demonstration of fermentation of carbohydrates,
determination of effect of pH, substrate concentration and temperature on bacterial growth, determination of microbial growth,
determination of bacterial growth by turbidimetric method, determination of photosynthetic pigments in cyanobacteria,
demonstration of the thermal death time and decimal reduction time of E. coli. Preparation of buffers, Biochemical tests for the
following- carbohydrate, starch, proteins, fats, tannins, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins, estimation of sugar by anthrone method,
DNS method, Biuret method, estimation of protein by Lowry’s method.

THIRD SEMESTER

BT2101: FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOINFORMATICS [2 1 0 3]
Introduction to Bioinformatics: Historical background. Scope of bioinformatics. Applications of bioinformatics. Biological databases
and data analysis: nucleotide databanks (NCBI, EMBL, DDBJ), protein databanks: sequence databanks: PIR, SWISSPROT, TrEMBL;
structural databases: PDB, SCOP, CATH. Sequence relationship and alignment: Similarity, identity and homology. Alignment – local
and global alignment, pairwise and multiple sequence alignments, alignment algorithms, amino acid substitution matrices (PAM
and BLOSUM), BLAST and CLUSTALW. Phylogenetic Analysis: Construction of phylogenetic tree, dendrograms, methods of
construction of phylogenetic trees - maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and distance methods. Protein structure prediction
and analysis: Levels of protein structure. Protein tertiary structure prediction methods. Significance of Ramachandran map.
Genomics: Information flow in biology; DNA sequence data, experimental approaches, genome information resources-UCSC
genome browser, GENSCAN.

34