Page 48 - Academic Handbook FoS+29june

SIXTH SEMESTER

BT3201: PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING SYSTEMS [2 1 0 3]
Plant Physiology: Plant cell-water relations, water and mineral absorption. Transpiration, guttation, mineral nutrition- essential
micro and macro nutrients, deficiency of minerals, nitrogen metabolism. Photosynthesis: Photosystems, photophosphorylation,
calvin cycle, C4 pathway, CAM, photorespiration. Respiration: RQ, ATP- the biological energy currency, glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle,
Electron transport mechanism, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway. Animal Physiology: Blood and Circulation:
Blood corpuscles, Haemopoiesis and formed elements, Plasma function, Haemostasis. Cardiovascular System: Comparative
anatomy of heart structure, Myogenic heart, Specialized tissue, Cardiac cycle, Blood pressure. Respiratory System: Transport and
exchange of gases. Nervous System: Central and peripheral nervous system, Neural control of muscle tone and posture.
References:
1. S.K. Verma. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, S. Chand & Sons, New Delhi, 2012.
2. R.M. Devlin. Plant Physiology, East-West Press Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 1997.
3. W.G. Hopkins. Introduction to Plant Physiology, John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York, USA, 1995.
4. L. Taiz and E. Zieger. Plant Physiology, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Massachusetts, USA, 2010.
5. P.B. Reddy. Text book on animal physiology. Ratna Prasad Multidisciplinary Research & Educational Society,
Ibrahimpatnam, Krishna, A.P., India. 2015.

BT3211: BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY [2 1 0 3]
The microbial-derived products of white biotechnology: Definition of scope and product classes. Review and critical analysis of
process flow diagrams for representative products. Over-production of primary and secondary metabolites: Classical mutagenesis
and directed selection strategies in the context of the microbial control of metabolite production. Control of anabolic and
catabolic metabolism in microbes: feedback inhibition and repression, attenuation, induction and repression control of enzyme
synthesis. Catabolite repression. Removal of induction control in catabolic enzymes. Metabolic engineering of enzymes by site-
directed mutagenesis: PCR-based methods. Original single primer approaches. Cassette mutagenesis. Strategies for enrichment
and selection of mutant clones. Choice of cell factory for bioprocesses: Factors influencing the choice of in vitro cell production
platforms for industrial processes: comparison of bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi, insect and mammalian cells. Transgenic
animals and plants as 'bioreactors'. Human health biopharmaceutical production: A technical and market review of the different
classes of biologicals, encompassing an upstream bioprocess design perspective, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, cytokines,
growth factors, hormones, blood products, enzymes and vaccines. Biopharmeceutical process characterization case studies: (i)
Production of recombinant coagulation Factor IX; (ii) Production of a monoclonal antibody, Infliximab. Downstream processing:
introduction, principles and characteristics. Cell disruption for product release: mechanical, enzymatic and chemical methods.
Isolation: adsorption, liquid-liquid extraction, aqueous two-phase extraction, membrane separation – ultrafiltration and reverse
osmosis, dialysis and precipitation. Pretreatment and stabilisation of bioproducts.
References:
1. P. A. Belter. E. L. Cussler and W. Houhu, Bio Separations: Downstream Processing for Biotechnology, Wiley Interscience
Publications, New Delhi, 2003.
2. B. Sivasankar. Bioseparations: Principles and Techniques. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 2007.
3. R. K. Scopes. Protein Purification: Principles and Practice, Narosa Publication, New Delhi, 1994.
4. G. Roger, Harrison, P. Todd, R. Rudge and D. P. Petrides. Bioseperation Science and Engineering, Oxford University
Press, New York, 2003.

BT3212: EXTREMOPHILES [2 1 0 3]
Concept of extremophiles: Conventional microbial forms and archaea; Key Molecular components, Unique Physiological features,
Adaptation strategies, growth kinetics, significance in biogeochemical cycles. Thermophiles: Classification, hyperthermophilic
habitats and ecological aspects. Extremely Thermophilic Archaebacteria, Thermophily, commercial aspects of thermophiles.
Applications of thermozymes. Methanogens: Classification, Habitats, applications. Alkalophiles and Acidophiles: Classification,
alkaline environment, soda lakes and deserts, calcium alkalophily Applications, life at low pH, acidotolerence, applications.
Halophiles and Barophiles: Classification, Dead Sea, discovery basin, cell walls and membranes – Purple membrane, compatible
solutes. Osmoadaptation / halotolerence. Applications of halophiles and their extremozymes. Barophiles: Classification, high-
pressure habitats, life under pressure, barophily, death under pressure. Extreme Marine Econiches: marine trenches and ridges,
submarine vents, deep sea basins and Antarctic sea ice and lakes. Space Microbiology: Aims and objectives of Space research, Life
detection methods, Antartica as a model for Mars. Search for life on Mars, Viking mission and Biology box experiment. Gas
exchange, Label release and pyrolytic release experiments. Monitoring of Astronauts Microbial Flora: Alterations in the load of
medically important microorganisms, changes in mycological autoflora, and changes in bacterial autoflora.
References:
1. B.N. Johri, Extremophiles, Springer, New York, 2000.
2. D. Colwd, Microbial Diversity, Academic Press, 1999.
3. D. J. Kushner, Microbial Life in Extreme Environments, Academic Press, 1998.
4. M. T. Madigan, J. M. Martinko, J. Parker, Brocks Biology of Microorganisms. 8th Edition. Prentice Hall Internation Inc,
1997.
5. P.H. Rampelotto, Biotechnology of Extremophiles: Advances and Challenges. Springer, 2016.

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