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04.09.2024, 22:05 Ready for C2 Proficiency Student's Book Classroom Presentation

HIGHS AND LOWS
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3 S P E A K Work in pairs and compare the notes you made in Exercise 2. Do you agree?
Why / Why not?

U s e f u l l a n g u a g e
Using noun phrases in essays
Noun phrases have a more formal and academic tone than verb-based sentences, so
they are an appropriate register for essays. In addition, these noun phrases use a wider
range of grammatical structures and vocabulary and can help paraphrase the ideas in
the texts.
: The solution which is most likely to be successful is increasing
1 Relative clauses
performance bonuses.
: The question to be considered in more detail is whether hiking prices to
2 to clauses
meet our mounting costs will pay off in the long run.
Prepositional phrases : Best practice from a range of sources could be incorporated
3
into our new policies.
: Techniques pertaining to relevant theories are likely to be of more
4 -ing clauses
interest to our human resources department.
Rewrite sentences 1–4 using less academic language. For example:
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We think that we would be more successful if we increased performance bonuses.
1
2
3
4
4 Read the model essay and underline sentences that use the noun phrase structures
from the Useful language box.

E m p l o y e r s a r e k e e n t o m o r e f u l l y u n d e r s t a n d t h e p s y c h o l o g y o f m o t i v a t i o n i n t h e
w o r k p l a c e , g i v e n t h a t t h e e x t e n t t o w h i c h e m p l o y e e s a r e s a t i s f i e d b y t h e i r r o l e s a n d https://english0905.com/private/
r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s c a n b o t h p o s i t i v e l y a n d n e g a t i v e l y c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e i r e f f e c t i v e n e s s
a n d t h u s t h e o v e r a l l p e r f o r m a n c e o f a n o r g a n i s a t i o n . H o w e v e r , t h e f a c t o r s d e s c r i b e d
b y e m p l o y e e s c a n d i f f e r i m m e n s e l y a n d a s s u c h m a y r e v e a l m o r e a r e a s f o r a n a l y s i s
t h a n i m m e d i a t e s o l u t i o n s f o r e m p l o y e r s t o i m p l e m e n t .
T h e r e i s a w e a l t h o f o p t i o n s f o r c o m p a n i e s t h a t w o u l d l i k e t o a d d r e s s i s s u e s
o f m o t i v a t i o n i n t h e i r w o r k f o r c e . I n i t i a l l y , t h e r e c o u r s e w h i c h s h o u l d n o t b e
o v e r l o o k e d i s w h e t h e r o r n o t a p a y r i s e c o u l d p o s i t i v e l y i m p a c t s t a f f p r o d u c t i v i t y
a n d w e l l b e i n g . A l t h o u g h t h e r e i s a t h r e s h o l d a b o v e w h i c h i n c o m e m a k e s f a i r l y l i t t l e
d i f f e r e n c e , t h i s f i g u r e i s q u i t e h i g h a n d c e r t a i n i n d i v i d u a l s i n t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n m i g h t
r e a c t w e l l t o s u c h a m e a s u r e .
I n e v i t a b l y , t h e l i k e l i h o o d o f t h i s a p p l y i n g t o e m p l o y e e s i n m o r e s e n i o r p o s i t i o n s
i s l o w , t h e r e f o r e a q u e s t i o n t o b e d i s c u s s e d i n m o r e d e t a i l b y a c o m p a n y ´ s
m a n a g e m e n t i s h o w b e s t t o i n c e n t i v i s e t h o s e e m p l o y e e s f o r w h o m m o n e y i s n o t a
d e c i s i v e f a c t o r . W h i l e m o n e y m a y m a k e a d i f f e r e n c e t o p e o p l e w h o s e c u r r e n t l i f e
c i r c u m s t a n c e s w o u l d b e n e f i t f r o m i t , s u c h a s y o u n g e r e m p l o y e e s o r t h o s e w i t h a
g r o w i n g f a m i l y , o t h e r s m a y v i e w f i n a n c i a l c o m p e n s a t i o n a s l e s s e n t i c i n g . I n t h e s e
i n s t a n c e s , r e w a r d s e x p r e s s i n g g r a t i t u d e i n a m o r e p e r s o n a l w a y c o u l d b e w o r t h
c o n s i d e r i n g , p e r h a p s e x t e n d e d l e a v e o r e x p e r i e n c e g i f t s .
H o w e v e r t h i s p r o c e s s i s a d d r e s s e d , c o m p a n i e s w o u l d d o w e l l t o b e a r i n m i n d t h e
n e e d f o r s e n s i t i v i t y w h e n d i s c u s s i n g m o t i v a t i o n w i t h t h e i r e m p l o y e e s .

5 Now write your own answer to the task in Exercise 2. Use some structures from the
Useful language box and paraphrase the ideas from the texts.
For more information on writing essays, see page 190.
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