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The most influential figure in this rise of Portuguese maritime strength was Henry the Navigator. He
marshaled experts and information and found a buyer, neighboring Spain. Spain was slower to respond to
the challenge due to a large part by dis-unity regimental kingdoms vying with one another for supremacy.
They would sometimes join forces To confront the Moors that would be South African Muslims who had
occupied portions of Spain since the 700's.

I did a little bit more research about how the Spanish started the exploring and the Portuguese
started exploring and I guess it all started with going down the coast of Africa to collect items and bring
them back to the European nations. Portugal was a major player because they had developed ships that
could sail closer to the wind and that made them faster and that was long before Christopher Columbus. In
fact England and Spain were neighbors. Unification took a major step foreword in 1409 when Ferdinand of
Argonne married Isabel and their two kingdoms were formerly joined five years later which provided Spain
with the most dynamic monarchy in Europe. Ferdinand and Isabella, known as the Catholic Kings,
celebrated the victory of the joining of the empires in part by expelling the Jews from Spain.

The defeat of the Moors, also freed up resources and the marks exploratory ventures including
those of Christopher Columbus. The foreign countries paid for voyages of Columbus between 1492 in
1504. It served to open the door to European exploration and colonization and exploitation of the new
world. Although Columbus himself never set foot in North America. By the time the English begin active
colonization the Spanish had already explored a large portion of North America especially down in the
south and southwest.

The Spanish explorers encountered the major civilizations in the New World, the Incas, in present-
day Peru and the Mayans in Mexico and Central America. The conquistadors were truly amazed by what
they found. Immense wealth in gold and silver. Complex cities rivaling and suppressing some of the ones in
Europe and remarkable artistic and scientific achievements.

The Spanish conquest, in the New World, was driven by the 3G's, gold, glory and gospel. In there
drives to gather riches, Columbus enslaved the local populations.

The number of the American natives plummeted in part because of the war against the colonial
forces. They introduced the natives to degrade due to the fact that they had no natural immunity. They
contracted malaria and measles from Europeans who passed on syphilis. In a morbid exchange in 1494,
shortly after Columbus's first voyage, the Pope divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and
Portugal by Catholic nations. They were fierce rivals the line of demarcation crossed.

The Moores, where Muslims from Africa. through south America. The plan was to have the lands to
the west for Portugal and that is why they use of Portuguese language in Brazil today. The most profitable
Spanish activities in the New World occurred in the southern areas.I was surprized to find out that the
Vaughan's had a castle, It was called Trecastle. It was in Wales.

Chapter 08 Chapter 08 --
- -- - Chapter 08 Chapter 08 -- How he got accrost “The Pond'

I did some more research and it covered a lot of areas, my sister had told me about a book called
the Descendents of John Vaughan. Some of the other research involved Wikipejda, Internet, my notes,
Ref in the book 'Descendents of John Vaughan we had found an interesting phrase about John G
Vaughan Junior or John Vaughan Senior, was o m th e ship named The Bona Nova which sailed from
Bristol in 1619. Bristol England-this port was near Morganshire, where he came from. At the muster
(roll call) of the inhabitation of Elizabeth's cities beyond Hampton River, Virginia in 1624 they gave his
age as being 23 and John Vaughan next went to Watertown, Massachusetts, probably before 1630. He
had a town lot and of 3 acres in the original town plot and he had another other lot of 10 acres, which he
sold to Timothy Hawkins in 1634. John Vaughan was an proprietor of Watertown Massachusetts,

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