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INTERNATIONAL

penditure of funds. At the same time, if earlier respon- SNK decree No. 14/1713 of August 7, 1935, the decrees
sibility was built for non-fulfillment of the contractual of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of
obligations of the railway to the cargo owner, then after December 26, 1961 and of May 11, 1983 approved the Air
the adoption of this charter - for Codes of the USSR in 1935, 1961
non-fulfillment of the state trans- and 1983 respectively.
"Despite the fact that some legal
portation plan.
Legal regulation of the activities
norms governing flights of air-
Along with the railway, the legal of road transport, in contrast to
regulation of public relations in craft began to occur much earlier, rail, sea and inland waterways,
other areas of transport activity was developed in a peculiar way. This
at the dawn of aeronautics and
also updated and developed. So, in manifests itself in the fact that un-
the sphere of sea transport on May til 1969 there was no codified act
were mostly prohibitive, only at
30, 1921 the Sovnarkom of the RSF- regulating public relations in road
SR adopted the Decree on Maritime the beginning of the transport. Only in 1969 the Char-
Transport. In the future, the legal ter of motor transport of the RS-
regulation of social relations aris- XX century, in connection with FSR was adopted, which lasted
ing in the field of merchant ship- until its abolition in connection
the development of aeronautics
ping was carried out by the Code with the adoption of the new Char-
of Merchant Shipping of the USSR ter of Road Transport and Urban
and the advent of aviation, the
approved by the resolution of the Ground Electric Transport in 2007.
Central Election Commission and idea of creating a harmonious The current period of development
the Council of People's Commissars of the legal regulation of public rela-
of the USSR on June 14, 1929, and system of air law, which could be tions from the activities of transport
the Code of Merchant Shipping of and Russian transport law, respec-
fully realized by the middle of
the USSR approved by the Decree tively, is characterized by a com-
of the Presidium of the Supreme prehensive settlement of relations
the XX century"
Soviet of the USSR of September arising on sea, air, inland water, rail
17, 1968 and the Law USSR on De- and road transport. The relations
cember 13, 1968. that are formed on all these types of transport are regu-
lated by numerous international treaties, legal customs,
The development of legal regulation of relations from the normative legal acts, among which special transport stat-
activities of inland waterway transport also took place utes and codes containing the norms of civil, administra-
during the Soviet period in a number of stages. This was tive, land, labor and other branches of law, and as a result
reflected in the Decree on transport operations on inland complex. This is the Code of Merchant Shipping of the
waterways adopted on 11 April 1921 adopted in order to Russian Federation of April 30, 1999 No. 81-FZ [5], the
regulate transport operations on inland waterways on the Code of Inland Water Transport of the Russian Federa-
inland waterways and approved by the USSR Council of tion of April 7, 2001 No. 24-FZ [6], the Air Code of the
People's Commissars on October 24, 1930 and the deci- Russian Federation of March 19, 1997 No. 60-FZ [7], the
sion of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of October Charter of Railway Transport of the Russian Federation
15 1955 Statutes of Inland Water Transport of the USSR of 10 January 2003 No. 18-FZ [8] and the Charter of Road
in 1930 and 1955. Transport and Urban Ground Electric Transport of No-
vember 8, 2007 No. 259-FZ.
In the Soviet period, the legal basis for civil aviation was
established. Despite the fact that some legal norms gov- For comparison and completeness of the research, let us
erning flights of aircraft began to occur much earlier, at the say a few words about the development of the legal regu-
dawn of aeronautics and were mostly prohibitive, only at lation of public relations from the activities of transport
the beginning of the XX century, in connection with the in a number of European countries, particularly in Eng-
development of aeronautics and the advent of aviation, land and France. For the analysis in this article, England
the idea of creating a harmonious system of air law, which and France were chosen as states-representatives of dif-
could be fully realized by the middle of the XX century. ferent legal families in which all spheres of transport are
This was reflected in the adoption of the Air Code of the developed.
USSR in 1932, approved by the resolution of the Central
Executive Committee and the Council of People's Com- Thus, an analysis of the content of sources of English law
missars of the USSR No. 36/460 of April 27,1932. Follow- allows us to conclude that the social relations that arise
ing the Air Code of the USSR in 1932, the USSR CEC and in the process of transport activity in England are regu-

24 DIVA - INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMAT