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7. Shanghai, China has the largest population of any city in the world though ___.
a. almost as many people live in Beijing

b. far fewer people live in Jaipur, India

8. Though some large cities such as Tokyo and London have skyscrapers —__

a. their streets are inhabited by millions of people
b. tiny streets in some sections show their ancient beginnings

12.3 Adverb Clauses of Reason and Purpose

Since | don’t know how to get there, I’m going to use my GPS.

Adverb Clause Main Clause
Now that | have a GPS, | never get lost.

Adverb Clause Main Clause
We're going to leave early so that we can avoid traffic.

Main Clause Adverb Clause

1. Because and since show reasons. Because | didn’t do well on the exam, I'm going to take
it again.
Since we're late, let’s take a taxi.

2.Be careful! Since can also refer to time. Since | got here, I’ve done very little work.

3. Now that shows a reason. It means Now that I know English, | can get a good job.
because... now. Now that Ed's retired, he’s going to have more free time.

4. So that shows a purpose. It means in I'm putting on my glasses so that 1 can read the menu.
order fo. We studied hard so that we would do well on the exam.

Modal verbs (can, could, wouid, etc.)
are offen used with so that. could see better.
Max moved to the front of the classroom so that he

In conversation, that is often omitted
7 Circle the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. after so.
| texted Bill so he could get the
1. Becausd/ So that people live close together in cities, information fast g
they can interact more.

2. Since / So that our city has excellent public transportation, we don’t need a car.

3. More people want to live in big cities now that / so that they are safer and cleaner.

4. Cities need police so that / since they will be safe places to live.

5. Cities are important now that / because they are economic, political, and cultural centers.

6. Now that / So that I have a bike, I don’t have to take the bus to work.

7. So that / Since the world population is growing, cities are becoming larger.

8. Some people move to big cities so that / now that they can live more exciting lives.

UNIT 12 LESSON 1 339
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