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3 Spelling Rules for the -ing Form of Verbs

1. Add -ing to the base form of most verbs. eat-eating
do-doing
speak-speaking
carry-carrying
2.For one-syllable verbs that end in a consonant + a vowel + a stop-stopping
consonant (CVC), double the final consonant and add -ing. sit-sitting

Do not double the final consonant for verbs that end in CVC show-showing
when the final consonant is -w, -x, or -y. fix-fixing
stay-staying
3.When the verb ends in a consonant + -e, drop the -e and ride-riding
add -ing. write-writing
4.For two-syllable verbs that end in CVC and have stress on ENter-entering
the first syllable, add -ing. Do not double the final consonant. LISTen-listening

For two-syllable verbs that end in CVC and have stress on beGIN-beginning
the last syllable, double the final consonant and add -ing. ocCUR-occurring

4 Spelling Rules for Regular Plural Nouns

1. Add -s to most nouns. student-students
teacher-teachers
pen-pens
2.Add -es to nouns that end in -ch, -s, -sh, and -x. watch-watches
class-classes
dish-dishes
box-boxes
3. Add -s to nouns that end in a vowel + -y. boy-boys
day-days

4. Change the -y to -iand add -es to nouns that end city-cities
in a consonant + -y. country-countries

5. Add -s to nouns that end in a vowel + -o. video-videos
radio-radios

6. Add -es to nouns that end in a consonant + -o. potato-potatoes
Exceptions: photo —> photos tomato-tomatoes
piano — pianos

APPENDICES A2
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