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spelling rules for verbs with, A2 pronunciation of, 224 proper, G4
verbs in past progressive with, 20 to express regret or criticism, 195 relative clauses to describe, 330
In order not to, 165 in reported speech, 407 singular, G5
Inseparable phrasal verbs, A8-A10, G3 so that with, 339 spelling rules for plural, A2
In spite of, 441 Moreover, 431 Now that, 339
Intonation. See also Pronunciation Much, 120
explanation of, G3 Must/had to, in reported speech, 407 O
in tag questions, 105 Must have/must not have, 220, 232 Object pronouns, G3
Intransitive inseparable phrasal verbs, Must/have to, 178 Object relative clauses
A9-A10 Must/must not, 178, 211-213 explanation of, 310
Intransitive verbs with prepositions, 312
explanation of, G3 N use of, 330
list of common, A6 Necessity, modals of, 178 whom in, 310
phrasal, 284, A9-A10 Negative statements Objects
voice and, 238 explanation of, G3 explanation of, G3
Irregular adjectives, G3 in future perfect, 81 gerunds as, 146
Irregular adverbs, G3 in future progressive, 80 with infinitives, 154, A5
Irregular past participles, A3 in past perfect, 50 Obligation, be supposed to to express,
Irregular verbs, A3, G3 in past perfect progressive, 51 180
It, infinitives after, 163 in present perfect progressive, 43 Often, 6
in present progressive, 6 On the other hand, 428
J in simple past, 20 Ought to, 193, 204, 407
Just, 34 in simple present, 6
will in, 66 P
L Never, 34 Passive causatives, 277, 278, 292
Leave, 67 Nevertheless, 428 Passive
Let/have/make, 270, 292 Non-count nouns by + agent with, 249
Like, in comparisons, 355 the with, 126 auxiliary verbs in, 238, 257
Logical conclusions, modals to express, a/an with, 126, 127 explanation of, G3
211-213, 220, 222 explanation of, 118, G3 gerunds in, 256
quantity expressions with, 120 get with, 257
M Non-identifying relative clauses infinitives in, 256
Main clauses, G3 commas with reduced, 320 with modals, 240
Make/let/have, 270, 292 explanation of, 300 past, 240
Manner, adverbs of, G1 object relative clauses as, 310 past participles with, 240,
May have/may not have, 218 pauses with, 305 256, 257
May/might, in reported speech, 407 Not use of, 238, 239, 248, 264
May/night/could, 210, 213, 222 before gerunds, 146 Past, simple. See Simple past
Measurement words, G3 before infinitives, 154 Past conditionals, unreal, 379
Might Not have to, 178, 204 Past participles
with if-clauses, 368 Noun clauses with causatives, 277
in reported speech, 407 explanation of, G3 irregular, A3
Might have, 218, 232 with if or whether, 395 with the passive, 240, 256, 257
Might/may/could, 210, 213, 222, 232 with polite expressions, 397 Past perfect
Modals. See also Verbs in reported speech, 405, 408 adverb clauses in, 348
to express ability, 186, 187 with that, 394, 440 affirmative statements in, 50
of advice, 193 use of, 394, 422 after wish, 380
be able to with, 188 verbs followed by, 394, Al1 explanation of, G3
to express expectation, 180 with wh- words, 396 if-clause with, 379
explanation of, G3 Nouns negative statements in, 50
to express logical conclusions, 211- abstract, 118 when to use, 50, 54, 60
213, 220, 222 common, G1 wh- questions in, 50
May/might/could as, 210, 213, 222 count, 118, 120, 126, 127, G1 wh- word as subject in, 50
to express necessity, 178, 181 explanation of, G3 yes/no questions in, 50
to express obligation, 180 generic, G2 Past perfect progressive
passive with, 240 gerunds with, 147, A4 affirmative statements in, 51
to express possibility, 210, 213, 218, non-count, 118, 120, 126, 127, G3 negative statements in, 51
222 plural, A2, G4 when to use, 51
to express prohibition, 178 possessive, G4 wh- questions in, 51
INDEX [3
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